客家民俗体育与农村小学生体育学习兴趣关系的研究

【作者】 赖建敏；

【导师】 康辉斌；

【作者基本信息】 赣南师范学院 ， 体育教育训练学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 教育部2011年12月28日印发《义务教育体育与健康课程标准》（2011年版），（以下称《新课标》）给我们指出：改革开放后，我国经济有了很大发展，人民的生活方式和生产方式也出现了改变。人们的脑力劳动增加而体力活动减少，收入增加而心理压力增大。这些现象直接造成了人民体质尤其是青少年的体质健康水平大幅下降。这一负面现象的改善需要社会各方面的努力。体育与健康课程的改革是其中的重要途径之一。综合各地不同情况，如何因地制宜开发利用课程资源是顺利实施新课标的重要保障。而新课标中的课程改革实行国家、地方和学校的三级管理方式也使地方学校具有了开发课程的可能性，因此，客家民俗体育进入学校也是顺应课程改革要求的举措。对于如何有效开发客家民俗体育的教育价值和多元功能，本文从少年儿童体育兴趣入手采用信效度较高的小学生体育学习兴趣水平评价量表、体育活动等级量表对客家民俗体育与现代体育进行科学分析比较。来说明客家民俗体育进入赣南农村小学学校体育课程的重要性与必然性。本文前期主要运用文献资料法、访谈法较为全面了解客家民俗体育对赣南农村小学生运动兴趣的影响以及客家民俗体育在赣南农村小学体育教学运用中存在的一系列问题。随后认真编制调查问卷选取小学生体育兴趣量表，通过分层和随机抽样法来选取样本实施调查。实行随机随班实地发放当场回收的办法来保证数据的完整性、真实性和有效性。运用SPSS16.0统计软件对回收的问卷进行数据统计分析，并对小学生体育学习兴趣内容进行单因素方差分析、多因素方差分析。据统计分析后得出如下结论:1.小学生选择客家民俗体育项目进行体育锻炼的比例非常高，说明小学生对客家民俗体育项目有较高的兴趣、爱好。兴趣是体育教学的前提，这也体现出客家民俗体育融入小学体育教学内容有较好的群众基础。2.小学高年级学生体育运动的性别差异开始明显起来，男同学更喜欢表现力量和勇敢的竞技性游戏。女同学更喜欢活泼、文静的表演性游戏。3.客家民俗体育对促进和提高小学生的体育直接兴趣起着积极而重要的作用。客家民俗体育运动娱乐性、趣味性强，规则简单，技战术要求相对来说不高。很容易使学生产生直接兴趣，从而让学生积极参与到体育活动中来。这也体现出客家民俗体育融入小学体育教学内容的重要性和必要性。但是参加客家民俗体育不少项目不需要或较少需要意志努力，这样就会导致对学生的身心健康影响相对来说较短暂和浅表。4.小学生选择现代体育和运用中等以上强度进行锻炼的比例较低，现代体育在农村的推行是一种必要和发展趋势，但发展的并不理想。5．既选择现代体育又选择客家民俗体育进行锻炼的小学生体育兴趣最高。在现实的条件下，农村小学体育课程设计应进行合理架构，现代体育与民俗体育需相互协同、融合，一起交融于农村小学体育教学中，共同来促进农村小学体育教学的健康、协调、可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Curriculum Criterion of P.E. and Health for Compulsory Education by Ministry of Education in2011(hereafter called New Curriculum Criterion) points out that with the development of our economy,people’s living standard has been greatly improved. But the new life style with less activities and greaterpressures brings negative influence to people’s especially the youth’s health. In the recent two decades, thenegative influence has drawn the attention of many educationists. The curriculum of P.E. and health is animportant way to strengthen pupils’ health, which has a profound significance. New Curriculum Criterion alsostates that developing the resources of courses can ensure carrying out the curriculum, bring the advantages ofthe resourses into play, and embody the characters of folk-custom in the course. Thethree-level(nation-local-school) curriculum management in the curriculum reform make local and schools haverights to develop courses, which helps Hakka folk-custom P.E. enter schools.On how to develop the educational value and multiple functions of Hakka folk-custom P.E., Hakka P.E. iscompared with modern one and the results are analyzed by the pupils’ interest evaluation scale and theactivities interval scale, which proves the significance and necessity of Hakka folk-custom P.E. being taken atthe schools of Ganzhou area.Four hundred pupils of grade five from the counties in Ganzhou area are the respondents. Written form isadopted and proper classroom instruction language is used to carry out the research in one period(40minutes).Questionnaires are sent out and collected at random. The following conclusions are drawn according to thestatistics:Firstly, high ratio of pupils’ participating in Hakka folk activities can be surveyed. Secondly,genderdifference is getting obvious as boys incline to choose competitive activities while girls for some quiet andperformance ones.Thirdly, Hakka Folk-custom P.E is usually interesting, like entertainment and has simple rules. All ofthose characters make it easy for participants to enjoy it. On the other hand, those characters will also lead tothe lack of wills and efforts.Fourthly, the ratio of pupils’ selecting modern P.E. and Hakka P.E. with medium or above intensity isrelatively low. We still have a long way to go to carry out modern P.E. in counties.Fifthly, under current conditions, a reasonable structure is necessary for physical curriculum design. ModernP.E. and Hakka one should be integrated in rural primary school physical education to enhance its healthy,harmonious and sustainable development.更多还原