【作者】 胡松；

【导师】 李景虹；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 化学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 与传统的纳米材料相比，一维纳米材料具有更好的物理机械性能和化学性质，在纳米电子器件、太阳能电池、光催化、生物传感器、生命科学以及医学等领域具有广泛的应用前景。而材料的性能与合成方法紧密相关。目前合成一维纳米材料的方法主要有气相生长法、液相生长法、模板法。这些方法存在反应条件高、后处理复杂、形貌不规整等缺点。因此发展新型制备方法和技术成为当前研究的热点。高压电纺丝技术作为一种合成一维纳米材料简单而有效的方法受到广泛的关注。电纺丝技术不仅有效的克服上述缺点，而且具有生产成本低、可大量合成、应用范围广等明显优势。本论文以电纺丝技术为基础分别合成了二氧化钛和氧化锌纳米纤维，并对其结构和性质进行表征，探索它们在光催化降解有机物以及第三代生物传感器等领域的应用。包括以下两部分工作：一、通过高压电纺丝方法合成TiO2纳米纤维，再以此为模板构建树枝状Ag-TiO2复合材料。采用X射线衍射与扫描电镜对该材料进行结构与形貌表征。相比商品化的TiO2P25以及TiO2纳米纤维，该方法合成的复合材料在光催化降解有机物过程中表现出更优异的催化性能。树枝状Ag-TiO2复合材料不仅保持了TiO2纳米纤维大比表面积优点，而且由于金属Ag的复合产生宽带的等离子体吸收，使其对光的吸收拓展到可见光区域，从而有利于电荷载流子的产生，而且树枝状Ag更有利于TiO2复合材料的界面电荷传输，降低了电子-空穴的复合几率，显著地提高了光量子效率，增强其光催化性能。二、通过高压电纺丝方法合成ZnO纳米纤维，然后与壳聚糖以及血红蛋白复合构建酶电极。由于氧化锌良好的生物相容性和大的比表面积，该电极不仅能有效保持血红蛋白的生物活性，具有优异的电化学性质，实现了对过氧化氢的高性能检测。具有检测限低、检测范围宽、稳定性好等优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Compared with traditional nanomaterials, the one-dimensionalnanomaterials have better physical mechanical property and chemicalproperty. They have widespread application prospect in nanometer electronicdevice, solar cell, photochemical catalysis, biosensor, life science as well asmedicine an so on. The material performance is closely related with thesynthetic method. At present the mainly methods to synthesisone-dimensional nanomaterials consist of chemical vapor deposition, theliquid growth law, the template method. These method existence manydisadvantages such as higher synthesis condition, complex post-processing,irregular morphology. Therefore to develop new synthetical method andttechnology become the current hot spot of research. The high-voltageelectrospinning technology as one kind of simple and effective method tosynthesis one-dimensional nanomaterials receives the widespread attentions.The electrospinning technology not only effective overcomes the aboveshortcoming, and has obvious superiority such as lower production cost, vastproduction, large application field.In this dissertation, the electrospinning technology was used tosynthesis titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanofibers. Their structure andperformance were characterized. They were used to photocatalyticdegradation of organic pollution and to construct third-generation biosensor.The main works and innoviations can be summarized as follows:1. TiO2nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning technique and used as thetemplate to fabricate branched Ag-TiO2composite. The as-prepared Ag-TiO2composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopyanalysis techniques. The photocatalytic activities of as-prepared branchedAg-TiO2composite were measured with the degradation of active methyleneblue (MB). The results show that the as-prepared branched Ag-TiO2 composite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity in comparison with TiO2nanofibers and commercial TiO2P25. The branched Ag-TiO2composite notonly maintained huge surface area of TiO2nanofibers, moreover, becausemetal Ag compound has the wide band plasma absorption, causes its lightabsorption to visible light region. which is advantageous to the electric chargecurrent carrier production, moreover branched Ag is more advantageous to theTiO2compound materials interface charge transmission, cut the probability ofelectronic-hole recombination, obviously raised the light quantum efficiency,strengthens its photochemical catalysis performance.2. ZnO nanofibers weresynthesized by electrospinning. A novel composite enzyme electrode wasobtained based on ZnO nanofibers and chitosan. Hemoglobin (Hb) was chosenas model enzyme to investigate the electrode. The results reveals that thecomposite enzyme electrode had good biocompatibility owing to huge surfacearea of ZnO nanofibers. The biosensor based the composite material displayedexcellent performance to detect hydrogen peroxide. The prepared biosensordisplayed low detection limit, wide linear range, long-term stability.更多还原