【作者】 刘娟；

【导师】 刘建国；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 国内外用于表征垃圾填埋场稳定化进程的指标众多，尚未形成一套统一的体系。本论文通过室内垃圾填埋模拟试验及国内外相关研究数据的二次分析，筛选确定垃圾填埋场稳定化进程的核心表征指标及其判定标准。首先通过模拟填埋试验不同运行工况下稳定化指标的动态变化和相关性分析，筛选出填埋场稳定化进程的核心表征指标。继而，依据其动力学变化特征划分填埋场稳定化进程的不同阶段及其判定标准，并通过对国内外相关研究数据的二次分析进行验证校核，最终确定填埋场稳定化进程的判定标准。研究表明，垃圾组分指标挥发份（VS）、生物可降解物（BDM）、纤维素（C）和纤维素/木质素（C/L）可作为垃圾填埋场稳定化进程的表征指标。且以上4个指标相互间正相关，生物反应器填埋加速指标衰减变化的同时也显著增强了指标间的正相关性。渗滤液水质指标BOD5、CODCr和TOC，NH₃-N、TN以及B/C可用于表征填埋场的稳定化进程。BOD5、CODCr和TOC相互间正相关；NH₃-N与TN高度正相关；B/C与BOD5呈较好的正相关，与NH₃-N存在一定相关关系，且此关系的正负受制于具体的运行工况。B/C的动态变化能够代表BOD5、CODCr和TOC的衰减情况，并一定程度上反映NH₃-N和TN的变化过程。表面沉降量S不适宜作为稳定化进程的表征指标，将表面沉降速率S′作为宏观表征指标。最终，选择BDM、B/C和S′为填埋场稳定化进程的核心表征指标。其中，BDM和B/C属生物指标，其动态变化呈指数衰减，符合一级反应动力学。垃圾填埋场稳定化进程划分为不稳定、半稳定和稳定3个阶段，对应于不同的稳定化判定标准。其中，BDM的判定标准能准确代表国内不同地区和实际填埋场垃圾的降解情况和稳定化程度。B/C的判定标准与传统填埋场不同稳定化阶段和不同填埋龄渗滤液B/C的特征值对应性良好，且符合实际填埋场渗滤液有机物浓度变化规律。S′的判定标准与现有标准相近。最终，填埋场稳定化进程的判定标准确定为：不稳定阶段，BDM>16%，B/C>0.4，S′>40cm·a^-1；半稳定阶段，BDM=4%¹6%，B/C=0.1⁰.4，S′=2⁴0cm·a^-1；稳定阶段，BDM<4%，B/C<0.1，S′<2cm·a^-1。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are various parameters used to indicate the stabilization process of MSWlandfill in China and in the world and hasn’t formed a set of unified system. Based onthe indoor-simulation test of MSW landfill and re-analysis of related research datafrom literatures, this paper screened and ascertained the key indicators and criteria forMSW landfill stabilization process. Firstly, through the dynamic variation andcorrelation analysis of stabilization indicators under different operation modes ofsimulation test, key indicators were screened. And then, according to their dynamicvariation characteristics, MSW landfill stabilization process was divided to differentphases and the criteria were presented meanwhile. Furthermore, by means ofre-analysis of related research data from literatures, the criteria proposed in this paperwere confirmed and checked. Finally, the criteria of key indicators for MSW landfillstabilization process were ascertained.The result displayed that volatile solid （VS）, biodegradable matter （BDM）,cellulose （C） and cellulose/lignin （C/L） of waste composition could be the importantindicators to reflect MSW landfill stabilization process. And there were positivecorrelations among them, which were enhanced by bioreactor landfill. BOD5, CODCr,TOC, NH₃-N, TN and B/C of leachate quality could indicate the stabilization processof landfill. There were nice positive correlations among BOD5, CODCrand TOC; ahigh positive correlation between NH₃-N and TN; a good positive correlationbetween B/C and BOD5; a certain correlation between B/C and NH₃-N, which wassubject to the specific operation modes. Thus, dynamic variation of B/C could standfor the attenuation situation of BOD5, CODCrand TOC, and reflect the changeprocess of NH3-N and TN to some extent. Settlement change of surface settlement （S）which reflected the degradation law of waste macroscopically, could not be amacro-indicator to show the stabilization process of landfill. So surface settlementrate （S′） was chosen to be the macro-indicator. In the end, BDM, B/C and S′wereselected to be key indicators for MSW landfill stabilization process, which BDM and B/C belonged to biological indicators and their dynamic variation showedexponential attenuation and corresponded well with first order reaction kinetics.Landfill stabilization process was divided to unstable, semi-stable and stable3-phase, corresponding to the different criteria of key indicators. Criteria of BDMpresented in this paper could represent the degradation situation and stabilizationdegree of waste from different regions and practical landfills in domestic. Criteria ofB/C correlated closely with the characteristic value of B/C from leachate of differentstabilization stages of traditional landfill and dissimilar landfill ages. Moreover, itaccorded with the variation law of leachate organics of practical landfills. Criteria ofS′was similar to the existing criteria. Finally, the criteria of MSW landfillstabilization process were ascertained as follows: when it’s in unstable phase,BDM>16%, B/C>0.4, and S′>40cm·a^-1; when it’s in semi-stable phase, BDM wasbetween4%and16%, B/C was between0.1and0.4, and S′was between2cm·a^-1and40cm·a^-1; when it’s in stable phase, BDM<4%, B/C<0.1, and S′<2cm·a^-1.更多还原