【作者】 巨霞；

【导师】 李宗仁；

【作者基本信息】 青海大学 ， 农学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以青海省三种不同类型油菜7个代表性品种作为供试材料，于2010年在青海大学农林科学院国家春油菜改良中心试验田（36o43’N，101o44’E）开展试验，通过对不同类型油菜品种（系）光合生理特性研究、各影响因子间相关性分析及与单株产量之间的关联性分析，结果表明：1、各类型油菜在苗期的净光合速率日变化均呈单峰曲线，无“光合午休”现象，其中青海芥菜在10:30时净光合速率达到高峰值（37.51μmol/m2.s），而其他品种均在12:30分达到高峰值，随后都急剧下降。Pn与各影响因子之间的相关性表现为：与光合有效辐射相关系数最大，即光合有效辐射对净光合速率的影响最为明显，其次是蒸腾速率和气孔导度。到达盛花期后，除了甘蓝型常规种No.46和白菜型油菜青油241的光合日变化呈单峰曲线外，其他油菜品种的光合日变化均为双峰曲线，杂交型油菜在盛花期时叶片的光合日变化存在明显的“午休”现象，日变化的第一峰出现在11:50分，第二峰出现在15:50分，中午的Pn出现了明显的低谷，Pn的降低主要是由于PAR、Ta、和RH等因子变化而使气孔关闭引起的气孔因素。2、甘蓝型杂交油菜在光合生理及产量方面均表现出了杂种优势的存在，除了盛花期的净光合速率杂交种略低于其他品种外，其他两个时期净光合速率均处于较高值，且三个生育期中，以苗期叶片净光合速率为高，盛花期有所偏低，原因主要是油菜苗期植株上各功能叶片随着生育期发展，逐渐衰老，其光合功能大幅度下降，主要的光合器官已从叶片慢慢转向角果皮。3、通过对不同类型油菜品种（系）产量构成及与单株产量关联度的分析得出：主序角果数是单株产量的主导因子（r=0.6983）。在此研究基础上，我们今后可进一步从栽培措施等方面着手研究，通过有效增加主导因子来促进油菜单株产量，为油菜高产栽培奠定理论依据。4、通过对不同类型油菜品种（系）光合生理指标与产量之间的关系研究可以得出：供试所有类型油菜中角果皮叶绿素含量的高低与油菜产量间关联性最低。鉴于杂交油菜的高产优势，我们可以依据甘蓝型杂交油菜的单株产量与盛花期净光合速率关联度较高的特性，通过提高盛花期净光合速率来有效增加油菜单株产量指标，以达到高产的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study，seven representative varieties of three different types rape in QinghaiProvince as tested materials, the photosynthetic physiological characteristics, itscorrelation with different effecting factors and yield per plant of Qinghai Spring varieties(lines) were studied at test field of National Spring Rapeseed Improvement Center ofAcademy of agriculture and Forestry of Qinghai University（36o43’N，101o44’E）in2010,and the results were get as follows：1. The daily changes trend of photosynthetic net rate (Pn) of difference varieties ofspring rape were unimodal curve without lunch break situation during the period ofseedling. The PN of Qinghai mustard rape reach highest value （37.51μmol/m2.s）at10:30, but its value of other varieties reach highest at12:30. After the peak period, all thevalue of PN decrease quickly. There are correlation ship between Pn and each influencefactor as follows. There is a great correlation coefficient between Pn andphotosynthetically active radiation, namely photosynthetic effective radiation hasobvious influence on PN. The others influence facts are transpiration rate and stomatalconductance. The daily changes of photosynthesis on most varieties of rape were bimodalcurve beside conventional Brassica napus L. No.46and Cabbage type rape green oil241,which are Unimodal curve. The daily change of photosynthesis on hybrid rape existedobvious lunch break situation. Its first peak occurred in11:50, and second peak occurredin15:50, and there is obvious peak valley during midday. The reasons of decrease of Pnare stomatal closure as influence by Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), temperatureof air (Ta) and Relative humidity (RH)2. There is obvious hybrid advantage for hybrid rape of Brassica napus. There arehigher values of photosynthetic net rate than it of other species during two growth period,but its value is lower than other species during the period of florescence. During the threeperiod of growth, photosynthetic net rate of leafs is higher during seedling period than itof other two periods. The rate of Pn begin to decrease during the period of florescencewhich result from the substantially decline of photosynthetic function, which reason arefunctional leaves is begin to aging and photosynthetic organs begin to transfer fromleaves to pod as growth of rape.3. Based on the research of correlation degree between yield components ofdifferent varieties of varieties (lines) and yield of per plant, the influence factors ofrapeseed yield were found. The numbers of main pod is the dominant factor to per plantyield (r=0.6983). On basis of the result of this research, the cultivation measures can betaken to increase per plant yield of rapeseed through changing the dominant factors, sothe yield of rapeseed can be increased.4. Based on the research of relation ship between the photosynthetic physiologicalindexes and yield of different varieties of varieties (lines)，the main relation shipsbetween yield of rapeseed and influence factor were get. There is minimum relation shipbetween the content of chlorophyll in pod and yield of rape. In view of the advantages ofhigh yield of hybrid rape, and there is high relation ship between net photosynthesis ratesof rape during period of flowering with per plant yield. the per plant yield can beincreased through increasing net photosynthesis rates during the period of flowering, sothe goal of getting high yield of spring rape can be achieved.更多还原