【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 宋波；

【作者基本信息】 北京科技大学 ， 防灾减灾工程及防护工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 地下金属矿山开采由于通风、可见度差以及地压、水文不易直接观测等条件影响，其生产过程是一个很复杂的系统工程。我国地下金属矿山开采，由于劳动力密集、作业条件艰苦、工作强度大、部分从业人员的安全素质不高等原因，事故起数和伤亡人数居工矿企业第二，仅次于煤矿事故，与发达国家相比有着明显差距。当前，地下金属矿山生产领域面临的安全形势十分严峻，需要全社会的关注。本文对黄金矿山近十几年伤亡事故进行分析，对比各类伤亡事故的死亡人数和发展趋势，其中冒顶片帮事故居高不下，并且呈上升趋势，时刻威胁着作业人员的生命安全。因此如何对冒顶片帮事故进行有效的监测亟待深入研究。在分析国内外金属矿山安全监测发展状况的基础上，对比各种仪器和系统的监测因素、原理以及优缺点。通过对夏甸金矿的实地考察，针对夏甸金矿的开采环境和特点制定出采用光纤光栅传感技术监测岩石应变从而对冒顶片帮进行长期监测。基于分析光纤光栅传感的监测原理以及与传统监测仪器相比的优越性，继而在参考前人使用光纤光栅监测手段在其他领域的成功运用的情况下，以锚杆为传感媒介监测岩石应变的方法对开采现场的冒顶片帮进行长期有效监测。首先针对监测方式设计静态室内试验，以确定传感媒介打入岩石后，传感媒介与岩石间应变的传导、误差关系。其次对传感媒介进行加工，封装入光纤光栅传感器，进行现场动静态监测试验，以确定现场监测方式和监测手段的有效性，为未来光纤光栅监测推广提供技术支持和试验数据。在开采现场安装监测系统，对其进行爆破试验，观测记录系统监测数据。试验数据结果表明：由于运矿车、送风系统的噪声和振动，对试验数据的采集有一定的影响，但从总体来说，所得出的数据结果基本满足预期监测要求，能达到对开采现场以及矿下重点部位的冒顶片帮事故的长期有效监测，确保作业人员的生命安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 The underground metal mine engineering is a very complicated system engineering withbad ventilation and visibility, underground pressure and hydrological condition is no easy toobserve. Compared with the current situation in developed countries, the mining machineryandequipment in our country are not as sophisticated, and with high working intensity, largeamount of the labor force are less mechanized and are still in the process of strengthening theirsafety consciousness. The accidents and deaths is second of the mine engineering, follow themine. Therefore, mining accidents took place in high frequency, causing large casualties andserious economic losses.In this paper, bycomparing the casualties with corresponding developing trend in all kindsof accidents, accident of the gold mining in recent years are analyzed. From the statistic data itcould be observed that the roof collapse and slabbing are the main reason, and they areincreasingly happening, threatening life safety of the mining staff. So it is necessary to conductresearch on the effective monitoring for roofcollapse and slabbing during gold mining, which isalso the main researchtopic ofthis paper.Based on the study about development status of metal mine safety monitors in the world,considering several kinds of equipments and systems with their monitoring factors andprinciples, comparison of advantages and disadvantages among the different equipments weremade. Considering the geologic environment and mining characteristics of the Xiadian GoldMine, it is advised that the fiber grating sensing system should be applied in order to monitorthe roofcollapse and slabbing,The monitoring principle of the fiber optic grating is analyzed, and it could be seen that itis superiors to traditional monitoring equipments, and it has already successfully applied inmany other fields. Referring to its recent application, it is put forward that the strain monitoringin the rock could be replaced by the strain monitoring on a certain number of anchor bolts, andin this method the safety monitoring could be carried out for the roof collapse and slabbingaccident in a long term.Firstly, the indoors experiments are carried out for the monitoring plan to make sure thatthe strain and stress conduction relationships would be confirmed between the anchored rockand the anchor bolts, and the errors distribution and the rock crack threshold value and also be identified. before the anchor bolts are punched into the rock., Then the anchor bolts areprocessed in a certain way, with the fiber optic grating sensors installed in it. Consequently themonitoring test results can be observed, and it could be helpful for the fiber optic gratingmonitoring promotion with technologysupport and test data.After installing the monitoring system at the mining field, blasting operation and thesystem monitoring data are observed and recorded. Considering the influences of the staffdisturbance, the noises and vibration caused by mine cars, bolting machines and blowers etc.,the results data may be affected to some extent, but generally speaking, the results data couldbasically satisfy the anticipative monitoring demands, thus the forecast and pre-warning for theroof collapse and slabbing accidents could be realized, so the life safety of the working staffcould be confirmed.更多还原