【作者】 安娜；

【导师】 高福祥；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN),综合了传感器技术,嵌入式计算技术,无线通信技术和分布式信息处理技术等,以其广阔的应用前景引起了国内外众多研究人员的重视。然而由于其部署环境要求和自身条件的限制,大部分应用于传统无线网络的机制很难直接应用到无线传感器网络中,所以为无线传感器网络设计实现一套专门的协议和机制势在必行。安全问题就是其中一个重要的方面。本文在研究了无线传感器网络的路由安全问题的基础上提出一种新的安全路由协议——WSN中带有分布式入侵检测的分簇路由协议(Distributed Intrusion Detection, DID)。新协议将节点的剩余能量,近几轮的当选情况和随机性都考虑进去,采取自选举的办法产生簇头,以达到在尽可能延长网络生存时间,均匀能耗的同时,提供一定的安全性保证。DID协议采用预置密钥技术,在节点选择要加入的簇之前,组织节点分布式地检验簇头真伪,然后有选择地加入簇,以达到对网络中的入侵者和叛变者的容忍。本文首先简要介绍了无线传感器网络的基本知识,然后分析了WSN的路由相关问题,包括安全需求,攻击模型,对典型路由协议的安全性分析,WSN中的密钥管理,以及一些现有安全路由协议的实现机制等。随后,提出一种带有分布式入侵检测的分簇路由协议的基本思想。在对协议进行详细设计的基础上,分析其可行性和安全性能,并在NS-2上对协议进行模拟。通过对实验数据的分析,得出参数对网络连通性,安全性和能量消耗的影响。实验结果表明,通过较少的额外能耗,网络的安全性有很大的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), integrated sensor technology, embedded computing technology, wireless communication technology, and distributed information processing technology, has caused both home and aboard researchers’attention for its broad application prospects. However, due to its deployment requirements and the inherent limitations, it is hard to add traditional wireless network mechanisms to WSN directly. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop a set of protocols and mechanisms specialized for WSN, among which, network security is an important aspect.In this paper, based on the study of WSN routing security problems, a new secure routing protocol, a clustered routing protocol with distributed intrusion detection (DID), is proposed. The new protocol takes nodes’residual energy, recent election situation, and randomization all into consideration to extend the life time of the whole network, leverage the energy consumption, and provide security to some extent. Pre-distributed key mechanism is used here. The non-Cluster Head nodes (non-CH) are organized to validate the Cluster Head nodes (CH) in a distributed way, before they choose one to join in. Thus, the network is able to be tolerant to the intruders and corrupted nodes.The basic knowledge of WSN is introduced at first in this paper. Some related routing security problems are analyzed after that, including security requirements, attack models, security analysis about typical WSN routing protocols, key management in WSN, and the mechanism of some existing secure routing protocols. The basic idea of DID protocol is proposed afterwards. And its feasibility and security performances are analyzed theoretically based on the detailed design and implementation. At last, we simulate the protocol on NS-2, analyze its performance, and study how the parameters affect the network connectivity, security and energy consumption. The experiment result demonstrates that a high security level can be achieved through giving up a little extra energy consumption.更多还原