【作者】 李朝峰；

【导师】 闻邦椿；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 汽车制造技术日趋成熟,行驶里程越来越远,乘客乘坐时间越来越长。在评价汽车性能时,不仅要考察本身的动力性、经济性、可靠性等,也要研究其平顺性,通常称为汽车的“人性化”研究。汽车本质上是一个多质量复杂的非线性振动系统,当其受到激励作用或者各部分总成振动作用时,系统将会出现复杂的振动响应。这种振动对于驾驶员以及乘客甚至所载货物会产生影响。平顺性不仅影响乘员的舒适性,同时还关系到行驶安全、环境污染等问题,‘因此对汽车平顺性的研究具有重要的现实意义。论文以某项有关轿车横向课题为背景,以汽车的平顺性评价方法为基础。为定量的描述平顺性评价结果,在参考国内外大量的研究成果的基础上,从心理学角度,结合烦恼率分析法,从理论和试验两方面对车辆的平顺性进行了全面的分析,具体研究内容如下：(1)对目前常用的评价方法如：ISO2631-1:1997(E)、乘坐舒适性系数法、吸收功率法、总体乘坐值法和模糊评价法等的进行了分析比较,揭示了传统评价方法局限。确定本文平顺性评价研究工作以ISO2631-1:1997(E)中平顺性评价指标为基础进行展开。(2)在分析随机路谱的基础上,建立了二自由度单轮模型、半车振动模型、七自由度整车振动模型和十一自由度整车振动模型,运用现代计算机仿真技术,得到了随机路面随机激励下模型各部位的加速度。计算过程中考虑了必要的非线性因素。(3)引入烦恼率的概念,以十一自由度整车振动模型为研究对象,分别用ISO标准评价法和烦恼率分析法对车辆的平顺性进行评价。分析表明采用十一自由度模型要比其它模型更为合理准确,也证明了烦恼率分析法用于汽车平顺性评价的合理性。(4)进行了实车道路试验,用ISO评价法和烦恼率分析法给出了此车型合理的平顺性评价。’烦恼率分析法的评价结果和该车型定位以及用户对其评价基本吻合,再一次证明了烦恼率分析法用在车辆平顺性分析中的合理性。(5)为对平顺性做出更深层的分析,文章最后用小波分析技术对试验测得的信号进行分析,并得到了一些实用结果,作为比较先进的分析手段,小波分析技术为车辆振动本质特性的研究拓展了新的研究空间。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of automotive manufacturing technology, the running distance become farther and farther. When evaluate vehicle’s performance, not only the power performance, economical efficiency and reliability, but also the riding quality will be concerned. Theses characteristics of vehicles usually are considered’humanized research’. Automobile is essentially a multi-quality complex nonlinear vibration system. Bing under random incentives or the vibration power of some assemblies, the system will emerge complex vibration response. The driver, passengers, even the cargoes will be influnced by the vibration of the vehicle body. Automobile riding quality not only affects passenfers’comfort, but also be related to the problems about safety and pollution. The research on Automobile riding quality has great practical significance.The dissertation takes the project about automobile vibration, conducted by a automobile manufacturing company and Northeastern University, as the background.The research work based on the method of evaluation on riding quality. For giving a quantitative description on the riding quality, automobile riding quality was comprehensively analysised on the theory and experiment from the psychological perspective. For these research works, a large number of domestic and foreign literatures wer referenced, the annoyance rate was maindly considered in the dissertation. The specific studies as follows:(1)The Commonly used methods, such as ISO2631-1:1997(E), ride Comfort coefficient method, asorbed power method,general ride-value method and fuzzy evaluation method were comparatively analyzed. The limitations of traditional evaluation method were revealed. The research works of the dissertation were developed based on the IS02631-1:1997(E) evaluation index.(2) Based on the analysis of the random path spectrum, two degree of freedom single wheel vibration model, four degree of freedom half-body vibration model, seven degree of freedom whole-body vibration model and eleven degree of freedom whole-body vibration model were founded. These vibration models were solved with the modem computer simulation technologies under considering some necessary nonlinear factors.(3)The concept of annoyance rate and its detailed calculation process was introduced. Taking the eleven degree of freedom whole-body vibration model as the research object, riding quality was evaluated by the ISO method and the annoyance rate method. The results show that the eleven degree of freedom whole-body vibration model is the more reasonable modle for ride research, and the annoyance rate is a reasonable method.(4) With the experiment of actul vehicle on expressway, the ISO and the annoyance rate method give the testing car’s riding quality evaluation. The evaluation is well consistent with its market orientation and the consumers’opinion.The rationality of the annoyance rate method being used in the automobile riding quality field was proofed once again.(5)The measured signal was.analyzed with wavelet analysis techniques, and got some practical results. As a more advanced analytical tool, wavelet analysis techniques expanded the research space of nature characteristics for vehicle vibration.更多还原