【作者】 张哲；

【导师】 王剑；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 计算机系统结构， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在测量领域中,传统的测量方法存在着需要与被测物体接触、复杂曲面难以精确测量、操作受人为因素影响较大和使用经验公式等问题,这导致测量工作不能满足高精度要求。基于光学、数字图像与计算机视觉的测量技术能快速、准确地获取物体的三维信息,因此开展本课题研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文首先在子像素级提取特征点,采用人工交互方法对像素点对进行匹配,建立了非线性摄像机模型；然后研究了张正友摄像机标定方法,提出了一种结构再投影平面模板摄像机标定算法,使用非线性最小二乘算法进行求解优化,并利用标定结果对拍摄图片进行畸变矫正。本文探讨了基础矩阵的不同计算方法,利用外极线几何约束,在摄像机标定和图片畸变矫正的基础上,提出了运动视觉三维重建算法。最后设计实验对整个技术路线的有效性进行了验证,利用几何概率理论对整个计算机视觉系统的不确定性进行分析。本文在分析研究相关技术和文献的基础上,针对当前存在的问题,采用理论分析与实验研究相结合的方法,对立体物体表面几何信息进行面向测量的三维重建工作的关键技术进行了系统的研究,提出了有效的算法并加以验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the measurement field, objects contact, irregular curved surfaces’geometric features, subjective operations and empirical formula, etc, contribute to unqualification of traditional methods on the aspect of high precision.3-D measurement systems based on optics and computer vision can provide a non-contact, rapid and reliable solution. It is of important theoretical significance and practical value to research of computer vision measurement technology.First, feature points are extracted on sub-pixel level and the correlation pixels are matched up adopting manual interactive operation. Second, a non-linear camera model is established. Zhang’s calibration method is studied and then a constructure reprojected calibration method using planar pattern is proposed. The result is optimized using non-linear least squares method and then be used to adjust the images. Several fundamental matrix solutions are compared and algorithms of shape-from-motion reconstruction is proposed using epipolar geometry constrain. At last, the effectiveness of the entire technological process is tested and verified in the experiments and geometric probabilty theory is utilized in uncertainty analysis of the whole system.The thesis makes research of some crucial technologies for measurement-oriented surface reconstruction with analysis of 3-D vision measurement and proposes a lieable solution and makes verification based on the study of current works and literatures theoretically and experimentally.更多还原