【作者】 黄爱霞；

【导师】 邹晓庭；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验选取28日龄断奶仔猪150头,随机分成4组,每组三个重复,每个重复15头,对照组饲喂基础日粮；试验组1饲喂基础日粮+0.025%和美酵素；试验组2饲喂基础日粮+0.05%和美酵素；试验组3饲喂基础日粮+0.075%和美酵素。试验猪自由采食和饮水,正常免疫,试验期36天。在试验结束时称取每头猪的重量,然后从添加和美酵素0.05%组及对照组各选接近于平均体重的6头猪,每个重复2头(公母各一),进行屠宰,取血样分离血清,进行常规血清生化指标、激素、免疫球蛋白和补体的分析；取全血做T-淋巴细胞转化实验,研究外周血淋巴细胞在ConA和LPS诱导下的转化率；取十二指肠内容物和胰脏分析其消化酶的活性；取十二指肠、空肠和回肠,制作光镜切片,观察小肠绒毛高度和固有膜厚度；取肝脏测定肝脏中抗氧化酶SOD和GSH-Px的活性；取胃窦克隆胃泌素基因,并用RR-PCR法研究饲粮中添加和美酵素对断奶仔猪胃窦胃泌素基因表达的影响。主要研究结果如下：1.生长指标结果表明：(1)平均日采食量,与对照组相比,添加和美酵素组平均日采食量无显著差异。(2)平均日增重,与对照组相比添加0.025%、0.05%和0.075%和美酵素组高3.9%(p>0.05)、10.4%(p>0.05)和2.5%(p>0.05)。(3)料重比,与对照组相比,添加0.025%、0.05%和0.075%水平的和美酵素组料重比分别下降了3.1%(P<0.05)、6.3%(P<0.05)和5.5%(P<0.05),说明添加和美酵素可以提高仔猪对饲料的利用率。2.血清生化指标结果表明：(1)常规血清生化指标,添加0.05%和美酵素组的血清中总蛋白的含量比对照组的要低1.7%(p>0.05)。与对照组相比,添加0.05%的和美酵素组的血清中白蛋白的含量降低了11.7%(p>0.05)。碱性磷酸酶含量,添加0.05%和美酵素组比对照组高11.4%(p>0.05)。钙含量,添加0.05%和美酵素组要比对照组低10.8%(p>0.05)。与对照组相比,添加和美酵素0.05%组的磷含量比对照组高4.8%(p>0.05)。(2)生长相关激素指标,胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子的水平,添加0.05%和美酵素组与对照组相比分别升高了4.6%(p>0.05)和12.3%(p>0.05)。T3含量,与对照组相比添加和美酵素组提高了55.6%(p>0.05)。3.免疫指标结果显示：(1)免疫器官指数,添加和美酵素0.05%组的脾脏指数比对照组的降低了8.4%,但是差异不显著(p>0.05)。(2)血清免疫球蛋白含量,各组间血清中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM、C3和C4的水平,添加0.05%和美酵素组分别比对照组提高了48.4%(p>0.05)、15.0%(p>0.05)、8.8%(p>0.05)、5.2%(p>0.05)和60.5%(P<0.01)。(3)添加0.05%和美酵素组与对照组的淋巴细胞转化率在ConA和LPS诱导下分别增高了19.8%(p>0.05)和19.2%(p>0.05)。4.十二指肠消化酶结果显示：添加和美酵素0.05%组的总蛋白水解酶和脂肪酶与对照组相比分别降低了1.4%(p>0.05)和65.9%(p>0.05)。淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶,添加和美酵素0.05%组与对照组相比分别升高了0.7%(p>0.05)、57..6%(p>0.05)和96.9%(p>0.05)。5.光镜切片观察结果表明试验组十二指肠固有膜厚度与对照组相比差异显著(p<0.05)。试验组空肠固有膜厚度和回肠的绒毛高度与对照组相比差异极显著(p<0.01)。6.胰腺消化酶结果显示：与对照组相比,添加和美酵素0.05%组,总蛋白水解酶含量升高了37.3%(p<0.05)。淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性添加和美酵素0.05%组与对照组相比分别增加了10.4%(p<0.01)和143.7%(p<0.01)。胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶含量与对照组相比,添加和美酵素0.05%组分别降低了86.7%(p<0.05)和19.8%(p>0.05)。7.肝脏组织抗氧化酶结果显示：与对照组相比添加和美酵素0.05%组的SOD活性升高了54.5%(P<0.05),GSH-Px活性增加了10.6%(p>0.05)。8.血清中胃泌素含量和胃窦中胃泌素基因mRNA表达量的测定结果表明：血清中胃泌素含量,添加0.05%和美酵素组与对照组相比提高了41.4%(p>0.05)。0606与对照相比,添加0.05%和美酵素组胃泌素mRNA的表达量提高了25.3%(p<0.05)。本研究揭示：在断奶仔猪日粮中添加和美酵素能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能、饲料利用率和免疫功能；提高仔猪血清中总蛋白、白蛋白含量、降低尿素氮含量,促进机体蛋白质的沉积；提高了血清中胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子和T3的含量；增加了肝脏SOD和GSH-Px的活性,这说明和美酵素提高了断奶仔猪的抗氧化能力。日粮中添加和美酵素能够增加小肠绒毛高度,提高十二指肠消化酶的活性,从而提高饲料的利用率；促进了仔猪胃窦胃泌素基因的表达,提高了血清中的胃泌素含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted to study the effects of hemicell on growth performance of weanling piglets and approach to the mechanism.One hundred and fifty piglets weaned at 28 days were randomly divided into four treatments. Each treatment had 3 replicates with fifteen piglets per pen. The experimental piglets received the same basal diet,supplemented with 0,0.025%,0.05% and 0.075% hemicell respectively. After the feeding trial, six piglets each in control and 0.05% hemicell groups with the similar body weight were selected and slaughtered. Blood samples and organ samples were collected for corresponding indexes. The contents of duodenum was collected to investigate the activity of digestive enzymes. Gastrin RNA was extracted from stomach antrum and were used to determine the effect of additive 0.05% hemicell in feedstuff on mRNA expression of gastrin gene using RT-PCR analysis.The main results are as follows:1. The results of feeding experiments indicated:(1) ADF. Supplementation with hemicell didn’t improve the ADF significantly. (2)ADG. The supplementation of 0.025%,0.05% and 0.075% hemicell improved the ADG by 3.1%(p>0.05),10.4%(p>0.05) and 2.5%(p>0.05) respectively compared to the control.(3)Feed/Gain ratio.The supplementation of 0.025%,0.05% and 0.075% hemicell decreased the Feed/Gain ratio by 3.1%(p<0.05),6.3%(p<0.05) and 5.5%(p<0.05) respectively compared to the control.2. The results of serum parameters showed:(1) Serum bio-chemical parameters supplementation with hemicell decreased the TP, ALB and Ca by 1.7% (p>0.05),11.7%(p>0.05) and 10.8%(p>0.05) compared to the control.The AKP and P increased by 11.4%(p>0.05) and 4.8%(p>0.05). (2) Growth correlative hormone,addition of hemicell increased the Ins.,IGF-Ⅰand T3 in the serum by 4.6%(p>0.05),12.3%(p>0.05) and 55.6%(p>0.05). 3. The results of immunity function analysis showed that supplementation with hemicell increased IgA,IgG, IgM, C3, C4 and ConA,LPS-induced peripheral lymphocyte proliferation by,48.4%(p>0.05),15.0%(p>0.05),8.8%(p>0.05), 5.2%(p>0.05),60.5%(p<0.01),19.8%(p>0.05), and 19.2%(p>0.05) respectively. And the spleen index of 0.05% hemicell group decreased 8.4%(p>0.05) compared to the control group.4. The results of duodenum enzymes indicated:Addition of hemicell increased amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin by 0.7%(p>0.05),57.6%(p>0.05) and 96.9(p>0.05). Supplementation with hemicell decreased the protease and lipase by 1.4%(p>0.05) and 65.9 (p>0.05) compared to the control.5. Supplementation with hemicell increased the length of ileum vilus extremely significantly(p<0.01).6. The results of pancreas enzymes showed that supplementation with hemicell increased the protease, amylase and lipase by 37.3%(p<0.05),10.4%(P<0.01), and 143.7%(p<0.01). And the addition of 0.05% hemicell decreased trypsin and chymotrypsin by 86.7%(p>0.05) and 19.8%(p>0.05).7. The result of antioxidant enzymes activities in liver indicated:Supplementation with 0.05% hemicell increased SOD and GSH-Px by 54.5%(p<0.05) and 10.6% (p>0.05) compared to the control.8. Supplemmentation with hemicell significantly increased the expression of gastrin gene by 25.3%(p<0.05) and the content of gastrin in the serum by 41.4%(p>0.05).In summary, all the results implied that the addition of hemicell to the diets of weanling piglets could effectively improve growth performance,feed/gain ratio and the immunity function;increased the total protein,albumin and decreased the urea nitrogen, and then increased the deposition of protein. Supplementation with hemicell to the diets of weanling piglets increased the contents of insulin,IGF-Ⅰ,T3 in the serum and enhanced the SOD,GSH-Px activites in liver.Hemicell improved the height of intestinal villus.Hemicell also increased the mRNA expression of gastrin gene in the stomach antrum and the contents of gastrin in the serum.更多还原