【作者】 鹿保鑫；

【导师】 曹龙奎；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江八一农垦大学 ， 食品科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本项目是以天然生物质稻草纤维为主要原料,辅以可降解高分子PVA为增强剂、淀粉多糖类吸水性树脂为增效剂以及新型环保PAE树脂为湿强剂,具有复合高效性、生态环保、遗传安全、抗旱节水、保温保墒、防水土流失等特点。本研究的主要内容及结论如下:1.确定微波辅助α-纤维素提取的最佳制备工艺条件为:时间为3.30 min,液料比为47.13,功率为540.39 w,氢氧化钠浓度为5.95 %,α-纤维素提取为93.38 %。2.羧甲基化改性的最佳工艺条件为,醚化时间100 min、醚化温度70℃、NaOH用量为3.2 g以及一氯乙酸用量为3.0 g,最大取代度为0.53。3.交联改性的最佳工艺参数为:交联温度为71.71℃,环氧氯丙烷的量为6.40 %,交联反应时间2.12 h,pH为9.04,交联羧甲基纤维素粘度为1.26 Pa.s。4.聚乙烯醇(PVA)本身成膜性好,是纤维素薄膜的最佳增强剂,PVA与CCMC的最佳配比为3:10。且确定了最佳的固液比为1:10。5.确定了乙二醇、丙三醇和聚乙二醇的最佳组合为:8 %、4 %和12 %(占CCMC和PVA干重)。6.CCMC和PVA的最佳交联剂为戊二醛。正交试验确定了其最佳交联反应条件为:戊二醛的用量为CCMC和PVA干重的2 %、介质pH为10、交联温度为85℃、交联时间为35 min。7.加入CCMC和PVA干重的1 %的硼酸也可以改善淀粉薄膜的力学性能和防水性能。8.加入交联羧甲基淀粉作为填充剂,大大提高共混物料黏度和稳定性能、成膜性能以及地膜的降解性能。9.CCMC和PVA的最佳湿强剂为PAE。添加CCMC和PVA干重0.9 %的PAE,可显著提高纤维素薄膜的成膜性能、力学性能以及耐水性能。10.确定硅藻土作为纤维素薄膜最佳的调理剂。添加CCMC和PVA干重的0.3 %的硅藻土也可以改善纤维素地膜的缓释性能以及防土壤结块性能。11.确定司潘85作为纤维素薄膜最佳的消泡剂。添加CCMC和PVA干重的0.9 %的司潘85可以改善共混浆料的成膜性能。以上的基础研究为农产品的深加工、农业废弃资源的综合利用以及农业产业化开辟了一条崭新的途径,为解决“三农”问题和消除“白色污染”,提供了一定的理论依据和实际应用参考。因此,本研究项目具有显著的经济、社会和环保三重效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 The project takes natural biomass straw fiber as raw materials assisted by strengthening agent degradable polymer PVA, synergist starch polysaccharide absorbent resin and new environmental protection wet strength agent PAE resin. It has many characters such as composite efficiency, ecological environment protection, genetic safety, resisting drought and saving water, thermal insulation and moisture conservation, soil erosion preventing, etc. The main contents and conclusions of the research are as follows.1.The optimal technical parameters for microwave-assisted extraction of alpha cellulose was reaction time 3.30min, liquid-solid ratio was 47.13, microwave power was 540.39 w,NaOH concentration was 5.95 %, extraction rate was 93.38 %。2.The optimum conditions of carboxyl-methyl rectify indicated that etherification time was 100 min, etherification temperature was 70℃,NaOH amount was 3.2 g, chloroacetic acid was 3.0 g, maximum degree of substitution was 0.53.3.The optimum technical parameters of crosslinking modification showed that crosslinking modification temperature was 71.71℃, epichlorohydrin was 6.40%, reaction time was 2.12 h, PH was 9.04, CCMC viscosity was 1.26 Pa.s.4.polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)was the best strengthening agent of cellulose film with its good film-forming property, The optimal proportion of PVA and CCMC was 3:10 and solid-liquid ratio was 1:10.5.The optimal proportion of ethylene glycol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol was 8 %,4 % and 12 % of dry weight of CCMC and PVA using orthogonal test.6.The best crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde. The optimum reaction conditions for cross-linking were as follows, glutaraldehyde accounts for 2 % dry weight based on CCMC and PVA, medium PH was10, crosslinking temperature and time were 85℃and 35min respectively.7.The mechanical behavior and waterproof of starch film can be improved by adding 1 % dry weight of boric acid based on CCMC和PVA.8.Crosslinking carboxymethyl starch as filling agent can greatly improve the viscosity of blend materials, stability performance ,property of film forming and degradability.9.PAE is the Optimum wet strength agent of CCMC and PVA. Film forming property of cellulose film, mechanical behavior and waterproof can be enhanced by adding 0.9 % dry weight of PAE based on CCMC and PVA.10.Diatomite was determined as the best conditioner of cellulose film, Release and anti soil caking properties can be improved by adding diatomite comprised 0.3 percent dry weight of CCMC and PVA.11.The best defoamer of cellulose film was span 15, The film forming property of blend slurry can be improved by adding span 15 comprised 0.9 percent of dry weight of CCMC and PVA.A new approach for deep processing industry of agricultural products, comprehensive utility of agriculture waste resources and agricultural industrialization was explored based on the above basic research. It also provided theoretical basis and reference in application to solve the“three agricultural problems”and eliminate“white pollution”. Therefore the project can make significantly triple benefits of economy, society and environment.更多还原