【作者】 刘军；

【导师】 刘伟民；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 食品科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人类对能源的需求越来越大和化石燃料的日益减少,寻找能够可持续利用的新能源成为一项关键任务。生物质能作为一种可再生能源,已经受到世界各国的重视,研究开发利用生物质已经成为世界各国的一项重要任务。生物质要成为煤、石油和天然气等矿物燃料的替代品,其关键之处就是将低品位的生物质能转换成高品位的能源形式。生物质与煤共气化,可借助煤炭的燃烧和气化作用消除焦油并产生高品位的清洁的中热值燃气,可减量化使用煤炭,在未来的能源结构中具有重要作用。喷动床的研究已有几十年的历史,喷动床具有结构简单,传热传质性能良好,易于操作等优点,可尝试作为热转化反应器使用。研究喷动床气化系统是寻求新的生物质气化技术的一种思路。因此,研究生物质与煤在喷动床中的共气化具有一定的理论意义和实际应用前景。在本论文中,首先对农产品废弃物稻草粒与煤粉粒在三种喷动床中的流体力学性能进行试验研究,为共气化试验提供流体力学行为的指导,这是比较和开发三种形式喷动床气化反应器必备的基础研究。通过不断试验和改进气化流程,以开发稻草与煤在喷动床中的共气化工艺。主要工作包括以下几个方面。（1）设计了常规柱锥型喷动床,喷动床体的内径为400mm,高为700mm,锥体部分锥角为60°,气体入口管径为40mm,进行了生物质稻草粒与煤粉粒双组分物料冷态喷动试验研究:①考察了稻草粒粒和煤粉粒的混合比例、喷动床的喷口直径和混合物料的床层高度（物料高度）对床层压降和表观风速关系的影响,以及对物料循环速率随风量变化的影响,得到了表征影响的曲线。②选取喷口直径25、32、43（mm）,风量75、90、105(Nm³·h^-1),物料高度200、260、300（mm）3因素3水平,以循环速率W、单位物料高度下床层压降的变化△P/L及单位有效功的物料循环量量W/[（△P+P）Q_标]为试验指标,并采用拟水平法的U₁₂(12¹⁰)均匀设计方法开展试验,并用SPSS软件处理试验数据,得到了相应的回归方程。（2）设计了导向管喷动床,喷动床体的内径为400mm,高为700mm,锥体部分锥角为60°,气体入口管径为40mm,导向管内径为43mm,进行了生物质稻草粒粒与煤粉粒双组分物料冷态喷动试验研究:①考察了稻草粒粒和煤粉粒的混合比例、喷动床的喷口直径和导喷距对床层压降和表观风速关系的影响,以及对物料循环速率随风量变化的影响,得到了表征影响的曲线。②选取喷口直径25、32、43（mm）,风量55、73、92(Nm³·h^-1),导喷距40、60、80（mm）,选取3因素3水平,以循环速率W、单位物料高度下床层压降的变化△P/L及单位有效功的物料循环量量W/[（△p+P）Q_标]为试验目标,并采用拟水平法的U₁₂(12¹⁰)均匀设计方法开展试验,得到了相应的回归方程。研究结果表明,导向管喷动床可以有效解决普通喷动床的处理物料能力非常有限的问题,提升了床层物料高度,并且大幅度降低了喷动压降,喷动更稳定更有规律。（3）设计了旋转导向管喷动床,喷动床体的内径为400mm,高为700mm,锥体部分锥角为60°,气体入口管径为40mm,导向管内径为43mm,进行了生物质稻草粒粒与煤粉粒双组分物料冷态喷动试验研究:①考察了稻草粒粒和煤粉粒的混合比例、喷动床的喷口直径和导喷距对床层压降和表观风速关系的影响,以及对物料循环速率随风量变化的影响,得到了表征影响的曲线。②选取喷口直径25、32、43（mm）,风量55、73、92(Nm³·h^-1),导喷距40、60、80（mm）,选取3因素3水平,以循环速率W、单位物料高度下床层压降的变化△P/L及单位有效功的物料循环量量W/[（△P+P）Q_标]为试验目标,并采用拟水平法的U₁₂(12¹⁰)均匀设计方法开展试验,得到了相应的回归方程。研究表明,与普通导向管喷动床相比,旋转弯头的加入在一定程度上使操作压降略有增加,物料循环速率略有下降。采用旋转导向管可以大幅度增加喷动床的直径,解决了喷动床的径向放大的限制。（4）进行气化试验并根据试验中的问题改进了生物质与煤粉粒共气化的工艺流程,取得了良好的试验效果,为以后开展热态试验奠定了良好的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the more demand for energy and the less fossil fuel,finding a new energy is to be the key mission for us today.Biomass energy as renewable energy had been paid more attention in the countries all over the world.To study,exploit and utilize the biomass energy had become an important task for all the countries in the world,too.The key question is converting biomass energy to the better status of energy if biomass will become the substitute for mineral fuels such as coal,petroleum and natural gas.Co-gasification of biomass and coal can make use of the role of combustion and gasification of coal to eliminate of tar and produce a clean high-grade heat value of gas.That not only can make a quantitative reduction of the use of coal, and the generated gas will perform an important function in the energy structural in the future.Because of the advantages of spouted bed,good heat and mass transfer performance,easy to operate and so on,there were a lot of researchers paid more attention to it in the past several decades.So it can try as a use of thermal conversion reactor.Research of spouted bed gasification system is a train of thought for new biomass gasification technology.Therefore,studies on co-gasification of biomass and coal in spouted bed has a certain theoretical and practical applications.In this paper,the mixture of Agricultural waste straw and coal was taken as raw materials for carrying out the hydrodynamic experiments in the three types spouted beds in order to provide the guiding behavior of fluid mechanics in gasification.They are necessary basic researches for comparison and development of three forms of spouted bed gasification reactor.Through continuous testing and improvement of gasification flow had been done for the development of straw and coal in the spouted bed co-gasification technology.The main task of this paper included the following several respects:（1） A conventional spouted bed had been designed with inside diameter of 400mm,height of 700mm,conical angle of 60°,gas inlet diameter of 40mm.The cold-state experimental study on straw and coal in this spouted bed was carried out: ①The relationship between pressure drop and superficial air velocity,the effects of straw content,gas inlet diameter and the height of loadings on relationship between pressure drop and superficial air velocity and relationship solid circulation rate and air flow rate were investigated.②Taking the circulating rateW,pressure drop changes of unit height materialΔP/L and the circulating rate of units effective power W/[（ΔP+P）Qs]as the criteria and selecting gas inlet diameter at 25 mm,32 mm,43 mm,the flow rate at 75 Nm³·h^-1,90 Nm³·h^-1,105 Nm³·h^-1,and the height of loadings at 200 mm,260 mm, 300 mm,and using quasi-level method to arrange Uniform Experimental Design U₁₂(12¹⁰) experiments were tested respectively.By calculating with SPSS,the regression equations were obtained.（2） A spouted bed with draft tube had been designed with inside diameter of 400mm,height of 700mm,conical angle of 60°,gas inlet diameter of 40mm,draft tube diameter of 43mm.The cold-state experimental study on straw and coal in this spouted bed was carried out:①The relationship between pressure drop and superficial air velocity,the effects of straw content,gas inlet diameter and the draft tube spouted jet distance on relationship between pressure drop and superficial air velocity and relationship solid circulation rate and air flow rate were investigated.②Taking the circulating rateW,pressure drop changes of unit height materialΔP/L and the circulating rate of units effective power W/[（ΔP+P）Qs]as the criteria and selecting gas inlet diameter at 25 mm,32 mm,43 mm,the flow rate at 55 Nm³·h^-1,73 Nm³·h^-1,92 Nm³·h^-1,and the draft tube spouted jet distance at 40 mm,60 mm,80 mm, and using quasi-level method to arrange Uniform Experimental Design U₁₂(12¹⁰) experiments were tested respectively.By calculating with SPSS,the regression equations were obtained.The results showed that:Spouted beds with draft tube not only had effective action to change the matter that spouted bed has limited capacity to deal materials, raised the height of loadings,but also greatly reduce the pressure drop,and spouted more and more stable. （3） A spouted bed with draft tube had been designed with inside diameter of 400mm,height of 700mm,conical angle of 60°,gas inlet diameter of 40mm,draft tube diameter of 43mm.The cold-state experimental study on straw and coal in this spouted bed was carried out:①The relationship between pressure drop and superficial air velocity,the effects of straw content,gas inlet diameter and the draft tube spouted jet distance on relationship between pressure drop and superficial air velocity and relationship solid circulation rate and air flow rate were investigated.②Taking the circulating rateW、pressure drop changes of unit height materialΔP/L and the circulating rate of units effective power W/[（ΔP+P）Qs]as the criteria and selecting gas inlet diameter at 25 mm,32 mm,43 mm,the flow rate at 55 Nm³·h^-1, 73 Nm³·h^-1,92 Nm³·h^-1,and the draft tube spouted jet distance at 40 mm,60 mm,80 mm,and using quasi-level method to arrange Uniform Experimental Design U₁₂(12¹⁰) experiments were tested respectively.By calculating with SPSS,the regression equations were obtained.The results showed that:Compared to the spouted bed with draft tube,the pressure drop had a slight increasing and the solids circulating velocity had a slight reducing in the spouted bed with rotating draft tube to some extent.Spouted bed with rotating draft tube could overcome the difficult in radial scale-up.（4） The biomass and coal co-gasification experiments were carried out,and with the problems encountered in the process of experiment,lots of alteration of the transformation of the spouted bed gasification system were done.All of this laid a favorable foundation for the development of large-scale thermal test.更多还原