【作者】 赵茗铭；

【导师】 霍伟东；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着生产国际化和国际分工的不断深化,国际直接投资在世界各国的经济发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色。尤其是20世纪80年代以来,在经济全球化浪潮下,国际直接投资以空前的速度和规模发展。作为世界上最大的两个发展中国家,中国和印度有许多共同或相似之处:既是邻国、农业大国、人口大国,又是全球近几年经济增长速度最快的国家。中印两国经济龙腾虎跃的发展态势引起世界瞩目,也受到外国投资者的青睐,而中国与印度也被认为是最具吸引外国直接投资魅力的国家。通过本文的比较可以看出,两国利用外资格局具有明显的差异:FDI在中国更多流向加工制造业,在印度则更多流向服务业。中国与印度利用外资存在差别的原因是基于总体引资环境、经济发展战略侧重点等方面的差异,且中国和印度利用外资对经济产生了不同的重要影响。本文运用比较研究的方法,从规模、结构等多个角度对两国利用FDI的绩效进行对比,分析了中印两国在利用外国直接投资方面的异同点,将理论与实际相结合,针对中国利用外国直接投资的不足之处提出了相关的建议。论文分为五个部分,第一部分是引言,主要阐述了本文的研究背景、目的意义以及国内外相关学者的研究成果以及文献综述。第二部分对主要的对外国直接投资的理论进行了归纳和总结,分析了外国直接投资理论的演进脉络,并对企业优势理论、“双缺口”理论、新古典增长理论、内部化理论和国际生产折衷理论进行了评析。外国直接投资理论是分析外商对东道国直接投资决定因素的基础,本章通过对FDI理论的介绍,为下一步的实证分析提供清晰的理论背景和坚实的理论基石。第三部分对中印两国吸收外国直接投资的历程进行了回顾和总结,为下文对中印两国利用外国直接投资的比较作了铺垫,提供了背景资料。比较而言,中印两国在引进FDI的历程趋势上十分相近。中国引进外资主要开始于20世纪70年代末,近十多年来,无论国际经济环境如何变化,实际利用外资金额基本上保持了持续增长的态势。印度吸引外国直接投资一直处于较低水平,无论从流量角度还是从存量角度都远远少于中国,这与其相对限制较多的外资政策有很大关系。随着印度政府对FDI政策的不断松绑,其FDI总量不断增加,发展趋势不容忽视。第四部分是全文的核心部分。这一部分就中印两国吸收外国直接投资结构、外资投资环境、利用外资效率、维护国家安全性以及吸收FDI竞争力进行了详尽的比较。中国的外国直接投资的来源与印度大不相同,有相当一部分是来自华人经济圈,而印度的FDI主要来自于欧美国家。在行业分布上中国充分发挥了我国劳动力资源丰富、人力成本低的优势,制造业仍然是外商投资的主要领域。而印度的FDI主要集中于服务业、软件业等技术上具有复杂性的资本密集型产品。相对印度而言,中国在吸引外资的物质基础设施建设即硬件以及国民素质方面优于印度,而印度利用外资的法规完备,在招商引资时,维护国家经济安全制度措施也优于中国。通过利用FDI业绩指数和潜力指数的分析,中国在总体上优于印度。但总的来说,作为世界上最大的两个发展中国家,中国和印度所吸引的FDI都低于其潜在的吸收FDI的能力,尤其是印度。第五部分是结论。通过对中国和印度吸收利用外国直接投资的比较,我们看出两国之间存在的差异。中国FDI利用的总体效果好于印度,但也有很多不足之处,总的说来,两国吸收利用FDI各有千秋。针对中国利用FDI的不足之处,笔者建议中国应该向印度学习,借鉴其好的方面,同时建议构建中印自由贸易区,在合作中实现双赢。本文在利用大量数据表格分析两国利用FDI规模结构以及投资环境的基础上,还采用了联合国贸发会议(UNCTAD)在《2002年世界投资报告》中的业绩指数和潜力指数评价体系,以对比评估中印两国利用外资的业绩与潜力。在研究过程中力图通过历史的、经济的、政治的视角,并尽量通过实证的方式对比研究中印两国利用FDI发展的相关数据,讨论中印两国各自的发展潜力以及不足,从而使中印两国今后在吸收外商投资领域有理论依据。鉴于本文的应用性质,我们强化了对比分析研究,规范和实证并重,并运用经济学、国际经济政治学的相关理论进行分析和研究。FDI的绝对规模并不说明全部的问题。国际上常采用相对规模指标,即用规模变量如GDP、国内固定资本形(GDFCF)等进行校正,以客观评价两国利用FDI的实际状况。本文主要创新之处在于将联合国贸发会议(UNCTAD)在《2002年世界投资报告》中的业绩指数和潜力指数引入本文研究。并针对中印两国各自的实际国情对指数的缺陷进行分析和修正,以求客观的反应中印吸收利用FDI的情况和效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the world’s two largest developing countries, China and India have many common or similar parts: both are neighboring countries, big agricultural countries, with a large population and are among the fastest growing countries in recent years. China and India are also the most attractive foreign direct investment (FDI) countries in the world. Through this paper’s study of comparison, we can see the different pattern of the use of foreign capital: FDI in China mainly flows to manufacturing industries, while FDI mainly flows to offshore services in India. The different use of foreign capital in China and India is based on the differences of the overall foreign investments environment and economic development strategy. And the different use of foreign capital in China and India had a different economic impact. Therefore the two countries should learn from each other’s experience.The paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction, mainly including the background of the selection of subjects, purpose, the study survey of relevant documents and domestic scholars, positioning and structure of this paper. The second part mainly states the FDI in theory. Theoretical theories on FDI mainly included“dual-gap theory”,“the new endogenous growth theory”and so no. The FDI theory is the basis to analyze the decisive factors of the foreign direct investment to the host country. This chapter through FDI theory, empirical analysis for the next phase of provides a clear theoretical background and a solid theoretical foundation.The third part reviews and sums up the history of China and India to attract the foreign direct investment, makes preparation for the following comparison and providing the materials of background. Comparatively speaking, China and India in the course of the introduction of FDI trend is very similar. China began to absorb foreign investment mainly in the late 1970s and in the last decade or so, no matter what changes the international economic environment, the actual amount of foreign capital utilized basically maintained sustained growth trend. India attracted foreign direct investment has been in a lower level. No matter in terms of inflows and inward stock are much less than China, which is related to its relatively more restrictions on FDI policy. Along with the Indian government on the relaxation of FDI policies, the total amount of FDI grows and the development trend can not be ignored.The fourth part is the core of the paper. On this part we conducted a detailed comparison between China and India in attracting foreign direct investment structure, foreign investment environment, foreign capital utilization efficiency, Safeguarding national security and the competitiveness of absorbing foreign direct investment. China’s sources of foreign direct investment are different from India’s. It has a considerable part from the Chinese economic circle, while India’s FDI mainly from Europe and the United States. In the industrial distribution, China make full use of its abundant labor resources, manpower and low cost advantages. The manufacturing sector is still the main areas of foreign investment. While India’s FDI mainly in the service industry, the software industry, and other technically complex nature of the capital-intensive products. Comparatively speaking, both China and India have established a series of investment regulations, the FDI laws and regulations in India is complete and ordered; Chinese FDI laws and regulations started late and rather chaotic. Through the use of the potential FDI performance index and index analysis, China is superior to India. But as the world’s two largest developing countries, China and India to attract FDI are far below their potential FDI absorption capacity.Part V is the conclusion. Through the comparison between China and India on the absorption and utilization of foreign direct investment, we can get the differences between the two countries. The overall effect of China is better than India, but there are also many inadequacies. I propose that China should learn from India and build a free trade zone in the course of cooperation to achieve a win-win situation.In this paper, we not only use a large amounts of data to analyze the scale of FDI and the investment environment, but also adopted the United Nations Conference on Trade (UNCTAD) in the "World Investment Report 2002" in the performance index and the potential index evaluation system to assess China and India’s FDI performance and potential utilization of foreign investment. Through the historical, economic, political perspectives and the empirical comparison way of comparing the FDI utilization data, we discuss China and India’s development potential as well as inadequate. In view of the application of this paper, we will strengthen the comparative analysis of both normative and empirical; will use economics and the international economic and political theories of analysis and research. The absolute size of FDI is not the whole issue. The international community often used relative size indicators, such as the size of the GDP, domestic fixed capital form (GDFCF), to evaluate the actual condition of FDI. In this paper, introduction of the performance and potential index, which used in the "World Investment Report 2002" of the United Nations of UNCTAD (UNCTAD), is the main innovation of the paper. Furthermore, to give an objective analysis to China and India’s FDI utilization and effectiveness, we analyze and modify the index’s limitation according to China and India’s actual national conditions.更多还原