【作者】 郭作妮；

【导师】 任以顺；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 经济法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 农业保险是分散农业生产风险的有效工具,对于农村社会经济乃至整个国民经济的稳定发展有着不容忽视的作用。农业保险具有保险的两大功能,即分散风险和经济补偿,但由于其保险对象的特殊性决定了其功能的特殊性,农业保险对于降低农业自然风险损失、恢复农业生产、增加农民收入等具有不可替代的作用。农业保险的准公共物品性决定了它的运行具有明显的政策性,使其与一般的商业保险相区别,只有政府参与并提供强有力的支持才能唤起农业保险的蓬勃发展。不可否认,中国对农业保险的重视程度从中央到地方再到普通的农户,都愈来愈高。农业保险经历过二十多年的恢复和发展,取得了一定的成绩,为农业保险的进一步发展积累了一些经验,但是农业保险发展过程中仍存在很多的不足,农业保险发展到现在已经陷入了一种“农民保不起,保险公司赔不起”的尴尬境地。究其原因,农业保险的政策性在我国还未得到真正的重视,政府的参与行为具有很大的随意性和不确定性,农业保险的开展依据的是商业保险法,经营主体也以商业保险公司为主,这一切都背离了农业保险的发展规律,出现这种困境是必然的结果。通过对世界上经营农业保险比较成功的几个国家(如美国、日本、加拿大、菲律宾)农业保险法律规制状况(包括农业保险法的立法背景和农业保险法的重点内容)的分析,不难看出,农业保险要想健康发展,必然离不开农业保险专门法律制度的构建。也就是说,中国的农业保险要想走出发展困境就必须制定一部属于农业保险自己的法律,构建起专门的农业保险法律法规制度体系。中国的农业保险立法具有必要性和可行性,农业保险立法的条件已经基本成熟。从必要性看,农业保险自身的存在和发展需要立法的支持、现行农业保险法律环境难以适应农民对农业保险的需求、农业保险立法对保障农业可持续发展意义重大、以及农业保险立法是接轨WTO“绿箱政策”的需要;从可行性看,农业保险立法有国家的宏观政策支持、有地方的实践经验积累、有广大农民的殷切期盼也有商业保险公司迫切参与的愿望。本论文通过对以上内容的分析,提出了构建和完善中国农业保险法律制度的有关建议,包括农业保险的立法原则(政府扶持与市场化运作相结合原则、政策性农业保险与商业性农业保险区别经营原则、适度强制性与自愿性相结合原则、基本保障原则等)、农业保险的立法目标(使农业保险成为农村社会保障体系的补充及促进农业发展提高农产品国际竞争力)、农业保险经营模式选择以及组织形式、农业保险的保险范围和保障水平、农业保险再保险及巨灾风险分散、各级政府在农业保险中的职责、权利和法律责任以及投保人和保险人的权利义务关系等基本内容。希望这一立法构思对中国农业保险法律规制问题的解决具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural insurance is an effective tool for scattering agricultural production risk, it’s faction to the stability and development for rural socio-economic and the entire national economy should not be overlooked. Agricultural insurance has two major functions of insurance, including risk diversification and economic compensation, but its function is particular because of the special nature of its insurance object.It Plays an irreplaceable role in lowering the risk of natural agricultural losses, recovering the agricultural production, increasing farmers income and so on. The quasi-public goods of agricultural Insurance determines its operation with obvious policy that distinguishes it from the general insurance business. Therefore, only the Government to participate in and provide strong support the gricultural insurance can be achieved vigorous development. Undeniably, in china the agricultural insurance is being payed more and more attention from the central to local governments and to ordinary farmers. Agricultural Insurance has experienced more than 20 years of recovery and development, and has achieved certain results, which has accumulated some experience for the further development of agricultural insurance.But there is still a lot of shortcomings in the development of agricultural insurance. The development of the agricultural insurance has now landed himself in a embarrassing position that "security farmers can not afford and the insurance companies can not afford to pay". The reason is that, the policy nature of agricultural insurance in china has not been payed attention to, the involvement of government in agricultural insurance has a great arbitrariness and uncertainty, the development of agricultural insurance is based on commercial insurance, also the main management are commercial insurance companies, all this goes against the law of development of agricultural insurance, this dilemma is inevitable.It is easy to see that the healthy development of the agricultural insurance needs construction of special legal system for agricultural insurance. through analizing the legal regulations (including the legislative background and the focus content of agricultural insurance)of several countries whos’agricultural insurance business is successful (such as the United States, Japan, Canada, Philippines). It is to say that China’s agricultural insurance needs for a piece of its own laws in order to get out form the dilemma of development, and sets up specialized agricultural insurance system of laws and regulations. China’s agriculture insurance legislation is necessary and feasible, the conditions of the agricultural insurance legislation have been basically established. From necessity, the existence and development of agricultural insurance needs the support of the legislatione, the existing agricultural insurance legal environment can’t adapt to the needs of agricultural insurance for farmers, agriculture insurance legislation has significant on the protection of sustainable development of agriculture, as well as agricultural insurance legislation is the needs of converging to WTO "green box"-policy; From feasibility, agricultural insurance legislation has the support of the state’s macroeconomic policies, Practical experience accumulated around, the ardent desire of the majority of farmers and the urgent desire participatation of the commercial insurance companies.This paper presents a Proposal for the construction and improvement of China’s agricultural insurance system of the law, on the basis of research and theoretical analysis to the status of China’s agricultural insurance system as well as referencing the practical experience of foreign agricultural insurance legislation. The agricultural insurance legislation including the basic principles (including government support combining whith market-oriented operation, Policy different from the commercial operation of business,mandatory and voluntary integrating, the basic protection and so on ), legislation goals (making agricultural insurance a social security system in rural areas, promoting the development of agriculture added enhancing the international competitiveness of agricultural products), the model Selection and forms of organization of agricultural insurance business, the coverage and level of protection of agricultural insurance, agricultural insurance catastrophe reinsurance and risk diversification, governments’duties and liabilities in the agricultural insurance, the rights and obligations between Insurers and the insured, and other basic elements. Hope that the idea of this legislation has a certain reference value to the solution of legal regulation to China’s agricultural insurance.更多还原