【作者】 毛亚鹏；

【导师】 戚嵘嵘；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 材料学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文采用模压成型化学发泡方法用过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）引发交联,偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）作为发泡剂对新型乙烯-辛烯热塑性弹性体（POE）进行发泡研究,主要对POE弹性体发泡材料的制备过程及改性进行了详细的研究。首先通过热重分析的方法（TGA）及无转子发泡硫化仪分析了未加及加入发泡促进剂后发泡剂的分解温度及硫化过程中扭矩的变化。结果表明:氧化锌（ZnO）及硬脂酸锌（ZnSt2）等发泡助剂的加入能有效地降低了发泡剂的分解温度,使其适合于POE的发泡;随着发泡剂AC用量的增加,平衡扭矩随发泡剂含量的增加而降低,当发泡剂超过一定量（11份）时发泡材料的硫化曲线变化很小。从硫化发泡曲线来看交联剂DCP的添加量有适当的范围:大于0份而小于2.6份。在170℃条件下,发泡剂和交联剂能够很好的匹配。然后,主要探讨了改变配方以及实验条件（温度）对POE发泡材料的制备及发泡制品的物理力学性能的影响。研究表明:发泡助剂ZnO对于成功制备POE发泡材料是必不可少的;随着发泡剂AC用量的增加,发泡体密度有减小的趋势,但当AC用量超过10份时密度的减小现象已不明显,当发泡剂添加量为13份,能够成功制备密度为0.057g/cm3超低密度POE发泡材料;POE发泡材料具有良好的耐水性,即使密度小于0.1g/cm3,材料的吸水率也不超过4‰;170℃条件下制备的发泡材料具有最好的综合力学性能;DCP含量小于0.6份和大于2.2份都难以成功制备POE发泡材料,密度和力学性能随DCP添加量的增加而增加,但达到一定程度后其物理力学性能变化趋于平缓;在对不同密度POE发泡材料的压缩性能的研究中发现,随着密度的减小,材料吸能效率峰值提高,对应的应力减小,并且吸能曲线跨度变得更宽,表明密度较小的材料在较宽的范围内有良好的吸能效果。在对POE发泡材料的高性能化研究中,尝试添加蒙脱土（MMT）、碳酸钙（CaCO3）和二氧化硅（SiO2）等并利用其补强特性以及无机填料固有的特性以期能提高POE发泡材料的力学性能、耐热性能以及降低成本。在POE/MMT泡沫材料的制备过程中发现,添加5份的相容剂POE-g-MAH和0.1份硅烷偶联剂KH560能改善MMT在POE基体中的分散程度和相容性,从而有效提高材料的物理学力学性能;添加一定量CaCO3不仅使材料的价格有所降低,材料的力学性能也得到一定程度的提高。SiO2的添加量在6-10Phr之间,泡沫材料的综合性能达到最佳。SEM观察POE发泡材料泡孔为闭孔结构,大小基本均匀,有少量不均匀泡孔出现。添加适量的MMT、CaCO₃和SiO₂无机填料能改善泡孔的均匀性,使泡孔直径变小和泡孔密度增加。本论文的工作为研究和制备POE发泡材料提供了简便有效的方法,对POE发泡材料的配方与工艺设计提供了指导,并且对材料的高性能化改性作了相应的初步研究,兼具理论意义和实用意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to produce polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE) foam using compression molding, the foaming process and property improvement of POE foam were studied in details.The influences of various activators on the thermal decomposition temperature of the chemical blowing agent-azodicarbonamide (AC) were investigated using thermaogravimetric analysis (TGA), which showed that the decomposition temperature of AC could be effectively decreased with the addition of ZnO/ZnSt2. The moving die rheometer’s results suggested that the vulcanization and blowing curves were influenced by the content of AC、DCP and temperature. Equilibrium rheometric torque decreases with increasing AC loadings, while the minimum rheometric torque remains unchanged. No obviously difference of the equilibrium torque with 11phr and 13phr AC was observed. The range of suitable value of DCP is 0 to 2.6phr. And the optimum temperature was about 170°C.Then in the process of researching on the influences of preparation and physical properties by varing formulation and temperature, some results were found like these: ZnO is indispensable for preparing POE foam. The density and properties of POE foam materials decreased with the increase of AC, but there is just a slight decrease of density when adding more than 11phr AC. POE foam with a dengsity of 0.057g/cm3 was prepared by adding 13phr AC successfully. It was difficult to produce POE foam adding more than 2.2phr or less than 0.6phr DCP. The density and properties of POE foam materials decreased with the increase of DCP, and then to a balanced value. POE foam has a good waterproof property. When the density of POE foam is less than 0.1g/cm3, the water absorptivity will be not more than 4‰. Experimental results showed that the optimal processing temperature was 170°C, which was consistent with theoretical calculation. Then, we study the compressive behavior of rubber foam through compressive stress-strain curves in which energy absorbing characteristics was also investigated by the means of energy absorption efficiency (E) and the ideal parameters (I). Results showed that foams with less density had better absorption efficiency in a wide range. For the sake of property improvement of POE foam. On the base of basic formula, effects of adding MMT、CaCO3 and SiO2 on property and bubble structure of foaming materials were sdutied. Results showed that adding these fillings could improve the physical properties、thermal endurance and reduce cost. Adding 5phr compatibilizer POE-g-MAH and 0.1phr silane coupling agent KH560 could improve the decentralization and compatibility of MMT in POE matrix, which was propitious to enhance the physical properties of POE foam. It can reduce the cost and improve the physical properties by adding an appropriate amount of CaCO3. The best integrative physical properties were gained by adding 6 to 10phr SiO2.SEM showed POE foam designed to be a closed-cell structure had very few open cells and the cells were homogeneous. Adding an amount of MMT、CaCO3、SiO2 could improve the homogenization of cell structure and increase cell density of POE foam.In this paper, a convenient method of testing foaming characteristics of POE foam was provided, and the guidance of formula design and processing condition were given. And primary reserches on property improvement of POE foam were explored by us. The results have both theoretical and practical significance.更多还原