【作者】 宰正蓓；

【导师】 甘礼华；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 物理化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 生物膜在生命过程中起着十分重要的作用，要认识生命现象，首先必须弄清发生在生物膜上的过程。但是，由于生物膜的组成、结构、功能的复杂性，在原位进行现场的观测和研究是十分困难的，因此，在实验室制备其模拟体系是进行各种研究的基础和前提。双层类脂膜作为生物膜的模拟体系，既具备生物膜基本构架，又克服了生物膜本身的复杂性，是研究生物膜体系的极佳模型。近年来，人工模拟双层类脂膜作为生物膜模型的研究得到了人们的广泛重视，在环境污染物的测试，生命活性物质的检测，药物与生物膜之间的相互作用等应用领域展现出广阔的发展前景。针对目前人工模拟双层类脂膜存在膜的稳定性相对较差，难于满足科学实验和实际应用的需要等问题，同时考虑到以双层类脂膜为基体的膜上生物化学变化的重要性，本论文探索提高双层类脂膜的稳定性和能够较长时间保存双层类脂膜的方法：合成新型Gemini表面活性剂，以金属支撑双层类脂膜为基底，通过电化学手段研究了Gemini表面活性剂与双层类脂膜的相互作用，以期为研究药物与生物膜的相互作用提供依据。本论文得到的主要结论如下：（1）以十四烷基溴化铵和四甲基乙二胺为原料，通过亲核加成与成盐反应合成偶联的阳离子型二溴化-N，N-二（二甲基烷基）乙二铵(C₁₄-2-C₁₄·2Br^-)季铵盐表面活性剂，用乙酸乙酯／无水乙醇重结晶提纯得到Gemini表面活性剂样品。红外光谱、核磁共振谱研究表明，按本文方法制备的Gemini表面活性剂为目标分子[C₁₄-2-C₁₄·2Br^-]，并具有较高的纯度。（2）利用卵磷脂的正癸烷溶液作为成膜液，在不锈钢丝端面能制备出稳定的双层类脂膜；成膜液中添加胆固醇可提高成膜效率和膜的稳定性。采用金相砂纸打磨不锈钢丝端面，可以扩大双层类脂膜的成膜面积。（3）采用逐步冷冻的方法可以大大提高双层类脂膜稳定存在的时间，并能大大降低外界震动等因素对双层类脂膜的影响。（4）表面活性剂十四烷基三甲基溴化铵及Gemini表面活性剂C₁₄-2-C₁₄·2Br^-，均会改变卵磷脂双层类脂膜以及添加胆固醇的卵磷脂双层类脂膜的结构。在浓度0.0004％-0.015％的范围内，十四烷基三甲基溴化铵使膜电阻逐渐减小，膜电容逐渐增大，最终膜电阻、膜电容都趋于一个定值；在浓度0.0004％-0.015％的范围内，Gemini表面活性剂C₁₄-2-C₁₄·2Br^-对卵磷脂双层类脂膜的影响和十四烷基三甲基溴化铵类似，但对添加胆固醇的双层类脂膜的影响，不但不使膜电阻减小，反而使膜电阻增加，膜电容增大或减小的变化比较复杂。最终膜电阻和膜电容均趋向一个定值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biomembrane is very important in the whole life procedure. As we would like to know more about life science, the most important is we should know what happened on the Biomembrane. It is very difficult to observe and study it on the original location for the reason that the components and structure and function of Biomembrane is very complicated. So firstly Model membrane system should be made in the laboratory. Bilayer lipid membrane （BLM）, as the model system of Biomembrane, not only has the same main structure with biomembrane, but also owns the advantage that is not so complicated, which is an ideal model for Biomembrane Research. Recently, BLM is got more attention by the people in this industry as Biomember Model Research. In environmental pollution test and Life activate substance checking and Interaction between medication and biomembrane, BLM has very good research future. But until now, the membrane stability performance of BLM is not so good and which can not be used in Science Experiment and Industry Application etc. In order to solve this problem, this article offered some solution for improving BLM stability performance and longer life cycle. In the meantime for the reason that Biochemical Reaction on the membrane with the base of BLM is very important in the research, this article has synthesize new Gemini Surfactant, BLM by metal supported as the base, which studied the interaction between Gemini Surfactant and BLM by Electrochemistry analyzer in order to get related information for the studying the interaction between Medication and BLM.The main result from the article:（1） Take Tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-ethylenediamine as raw material, one kind of new Gemini Surfactant [C₁₄-2-C₁₄·2Br^-] was compounded; Acetoacetate / Alcohol was used to purified the Surfactant. The study by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy indicated that the Gemini Surfactant[C₁₄-2-C₁₄· 2Br^-] has very high purification.（2） Stable Bilayer lipid membrane is created on the cross section of stainless steel by making use of Lecithin’s n-Decane solution as the membrane forming liquid, moreover if cholesterin is added into the forming liquid, the membrane forming efficiency can be improved and the membrane will be more stable. The Bilayer Lipid Membrane Forming area also can be expanded by taking abrasive cloth to polish the stainless steel cross section.（3） With the way of freezing the Bilayer Lipid Membrane stage by stage, the preservation period of Bilayer Lipid Membrane can be more longer, and the vibration affection to Bilayer Lipid Membrane from environment can be decreased consumedly （4）Tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and Gemini surfactant C₁₄-2-C₁₄·2Br^-, as Surfactant, both of them can change the structure of Bilayer Lipid Membrane. When the concentration is in the range of 0.0004%-0.015%, Tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide will decrease the membrane resistance and increase the membrane capacitance, finally, membrane resistance and capacitance will go to a fixed value; when the concentration is in the range of 0.0004%-0.015%, Gemini surfactant C₁₄-2-C₁₄·2Br^- has the similar affection to Lecithin Bilayer Lipid Membrane as Tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. But to the Bilayer Lipid Membrane integrated with cholesterol, this dose not lower the resistance but increase it, there is no good rule that can be found in the membrane capacitance change. Finally membrane resistance and capacitance all will go to a fixed value.更多还原