【作者】 张文干；

【导师】 徐刚；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在工程实践中，小位移的精确测量技术的应用领域越来越广泛。目前，小位移测量方法很多，主要有接触式与非接触式的测量方法。然而对于某些实际工程应用中，如对结构物的挠度、弯沉、微小振动位移、构件的微小变形以及建筑物的变形等，对于这些小位移的测量仍然存在相当的技术难度。本文对微小位移的远距离非接触方式的高精度测量技术的研究，对于解决上述工程领域中的测量问题具有重要的现实意义和实用价值。本文在分析国内外各种位移测量技术的基础上，经过实验提出了利用图像精密测量技术解决远目标的微小位移的高精度测量问题。本文首先分析了国内外微小位移测量技术的发展现状以及远目标小位移的高精度测量所面临的问题。根据设计思想、设计原则及测量原理，制定了应用远距离摄像与图像处理技术相结合的方法来进行远目标微小位移高精度测量的方案。本文完成了测量系统的硬件构建和软件设计两部分。硬件部分主要选取了黑白CCD摄像机、图像采集卡和光学镜头，构建了图像采集系统；软件部分用MATLAB完成了算法验证，在Windows环境下的Visual C++开发平台上进行编程，设计并实现了测量系统软件。本文除了研究常规图像处理方法以及它们在本课题中的具体应用外，特别对利用亚像素图像匹配技术实现高精度的微小位移测量做了深入研究，并通过详实的数据说明了这种方法的精度本论文对亚像素相关系数曲面拟合测量位移的方法作了重要改进，提出了“标志图案的不同会对测量精度产生影响”的新观点，并分析了原因。在进行实验检验时，设计了多种不同情况的对比实验，详细分析了图案的变化；测量距离的变化以及常规图像处理方法的使用对测量精度的影响。使用这些改进后，测量精度有了明显的提高，使这种方法向工程实用化迈进了一步。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the practice of engineering, micro displacement measurement technology is used more and more widely. At the present time, there are many methods of micro displacement measurement, and they mainly include contact and non-contact measurement methods. However, in some practical projects, measuring micro displacement has had some difficulties in the domain, for example, framework dynamic deflection, micro-vibration displacement, small deformation. This paper researched on technology of micro displacement with high precision in the distance. This measurement technology has had practical significance and applied importance.After analyzing lots of technology of displacement measurement, this paper applied the technology of image high-precision measurement to settling the problem of measuring micro displacement of distant aim with high precision. First of all, this paper analyzed current development situation of micro displacement measurement, and the difficulty that is faced in the domain of micro displacement measurement. According to design idea, design principle and measurement theory, this paper brought forward a project of measuring micro displacement with high precision in the distance, which uses telephotograph and technology of image processing. This paper consists of two parts: the design of the software and the hardware. The part of hardware selected CCD camera, image collecting board, lens, and they consist of image collecting system. The part of software tested the arithmetic by using MATLAB and designed the software of measurement system by using Visual C++. Besides of studying general methods of image processing and their use in this task , this paper had lucubrated the measurement of micro displacement by the sub-pixel image matching technology and showed the precision of this method by detailed dates.In this paper, the measurement of micro displacement by the sub-pixel image matching technology was done some improvements. The new point of view of " the vary of design can work on the precision of measurement " was put forward .When testing the conclusion by experiments,several contrasting experiments in different circs was designed, for example the vary of design、distance and image processing. After using these methods, the precision of measurement had obvious improvement. It made this method advance one-step toward used in engineering.更多还原