【作者】 张志强；

【导师】 马锋旺；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园艺， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 宝鸡位于陕西关中平原西部，境内光照充足，雨热同季，气候温和，土壤肥沃，自然灾害少，是全国乃至世界最佳苹果优生区的核心区域。苹果产业经过近50年的发展，面积规模快速扩张、标准化程度显著提高、产业化格局日臻完善、经济效益稳步增长,在促进农民增收和新农村建设中占有重要地位,已成为宝鸡市农业经济发展的优势特色产业。但是，随着社会的发展，宝鸡苹果产业已暴露出越来越多的问题。目前尚缺乏对苹果产业发展中所存在问题进行系统研究的资料。本文在认真研读了产业化体系理论后，通过收集资料，调查统计和典型走访相结合的办法，对影响宝鸡市苹果产业化发展的因素进行了细致认真分析，找出了苹果产业化发展中存在的主要问题，并针对存在的问题，根据宝鸡实际情况，提出了宝鸡市苹果产业化发展思路及切实可行的发展对策。旨在为宝鸡市苹果产业化的优化升级提供理论依据，对提高宝鸡苹果竞争力具有重要的现实指导意义。1.宝鸡苹果产业化发展中存在的主要问题（1）生产方面：总体面积偏小，单产水平较低；良种工程滞后，品种结构不合理；生产规模化程度低，小生产大市场矛盾突出；标准化技术普及慢，管理水平整体不高。（2）企业方面：龙头企业规模偏小，产业带动能力不强；果品产后处理不足，产业化水平较低；企业果农之间缺乏联系，利益分享机制不健全。（3）合作组织方面：经营起点低，服务范围窄；专业人才缺乏，经营水平不高；分配机制不健全，果农利益保护不够。（4）市场销售方面：信息建设滞后，市场开拓不力；品牌培育滞后，果品竞争力不强。（5）技术推广方面：推广队伍结构不合理，专业技术人才匮乏；农村劳动力素质低，果业技术推广难度大。2．宝鸡市苹果产业化发展对策（1）调整品种结构，扩大基地规模。（2）大力推行矮砧集约高效栽培模式，提高产业水平。（3）扶持壮大龙头企业，推进苹果产业化进程。（4）实施名牌带动战略，开拓国内外市场。（5）加强人才队伍建设，强化产业科技支撑。（6）优化政策环境，形成果业发展合力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Baoji is located in the west of the Central Shaanxi Plain of Shaanxi province. Due to theplentiful sunshine, hot rainy season, mild climate, fertile soil and few natural disasters, it is anoptimum core production area of apples throughout the whole country or even the world.After nearly50years of development, the apple industry has gained the rapid expansion inscale, remarkable increase of standardization, the gradual improvement of industrial structure,and steady development of economic benefits, which plays a significant role in promotingfarmers’ income and the new rural reconstruction, thus becoming a superior characteristicindustry for agricultural economy development in Baoji. However, with the progress ofsociety, the apple industry in Baoji has exposed more and more problems. At present, there isstill lacking of systematic study on the existing problems of industrialized development forapples. On the base of the theory of industrialized system, information gathering, as well asthe method combining investigation and visit, this paper carefully analyzes the factors thatinfluence the industrialized development for apple in Baoji, finds out major existing problems,and puts forward development thinking, as well as practical and feasible developmentstrategies for the industrialized development of apple in Baoji in accordance with the actualsituation. The paper is intended to provide a theory basis for the upgrading of appleindustrialization in Baoji, and practical guidance significance for enhancing thecompetitiveness of apples in Baoji.1. The major problems existing in industrialized development of apple in Baoji(1) Production: the total area is small and the yield per unit is low; the lagged improvedvariety and the unreasonable breed structure; insufficient large-scale production and acutecontradiction between small production and big market;low popularization speed of standardtechnology, and low level of the overall management.(2) Enterprise: the leading enterprises don’t possess enough scale and strong drivencapacity; there are not sufficient fruit post-processing and high industrialization; there don’texist good connection and a shared mechanism between the enterprises and the orchard workers.(3) Cooperated organization: the low marketing starting point and the narrow scope ofservices; lacking of professionals and the poor operations; the defective distribution systemcannot effectively protect the benefits of orchard workers.(4) Marketing: the lagged information construction leads to the ineffective marketingexploration; the lagged brand cultivation results in the poor competitiveness.(5) Technology promotion: Lacking of professionals, the structure of the expandingteam is unreasonable; Because of the low quality of the rural labor, it is difficult to expand theplanting technology.2. The strategy for industrial development for apple in Baoji(1) Adjust the breed structure and expand the scale of planting base.(2) Vigorously promote the short anvil intensive planting pattern to improve the level ofindustrialization.(3) Support the leading enterprise to promote the process of apple industrialization.(4) Carry out the brand driven strategy and open up the markets at home and aboard.(5) Enhance the building of talent resources to strengthen the support of industrialtechnology.(6) Optimize the policy environment to form a resultant forces used to accelerate the fruitdevelopment.更多还原