【作者】 赵磊；

【导师】 高玉鹏；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验研究了半开放式鸡舍夏季高温环境和冬季低温环境下，环境温度对尼克红蛋鸡生产性能、呼吸频率和体温、主要营养物质消化代谢的影响。试验一：夏季鸡舍高温环境与蛋鸡生产性能及代谢指标关系的研究选取西北农林科技大学畜禽生态养殖场半开放式蛋鸡舍中26周龄尼克红蛋鸡1600只，分为4个重复，每个重复400只鸡，试验期为7周。试验测定鸡舍内每日平均温度、鸡群每日平均采食量以及生产性能指标产蛋率、破蛋率、蛋重和料蛋比；测定鸡群在不同舍温下的呼吸频率和体温；测定典型代表环境温度下，粗蛋白、能量、粗脂肪的表观消化率。分析环境温度与各试验指标的关系，建立回归模型。研究结果如下：1.蛋鸡每日采食量与环境温度之间呈二次相关关系（P<0.01，R2=0.90778），拟合回归方程为：y=80.57897+5.72045x-0.16270x~2；即在本试验测定的环境温度20.20～32.57℃范围内，蛋鸡的采食量随着环境温度的上升而下降；2.蛋鸡呼吸频率与环境温度之间呈一次相关关系（P<0.01，R2=0.91276），拟合回归方程为：y=-670.00688+27.74750x；即在本试验测定的环境温度24.00～35.35℃范围内，鸡舍环境温度每升高1℃，蛋鸡的呼吸频率升高27.5次/min；3.蛋鸡体温与环境温度之间呈一次相关关系（P<0.01，R2=0.89668），拟合回归方程为：y=37.30596+0.14343x；即在本试验测定的环境温度24.00～35.35℃范围内，鸡舍环境温度每升高1℃，蛋鸡的体温升高0.14℃；4.能量表观消化率与环境温度之间呈二次相关关系（P<0.01，R2=0.69267），拟合回归方程为：y=2.53508-0.14235x+0.00282x~2；即在本试验测定的环境温度20.20～30.98℃范围内，随着环境温度的上升，能量的表观消化率先下降后上升，在鸡舍环境温度为25.24℃时，能量的表观消化率最差；5.在环境温度20.20～32.57℃范围内，蛋鸡的产蛋率、破蛋率、蛋重、料蛋比，蛋品质，以及代谢指标粗蛋白、粗脂肪的表观消化率均受环境温度影响不显著。试验二：冬季鸡舍低温环境与蛋鸡生产性能及代谢指标关系的研究选取西北农林科技大学畜禽生态养殖场半开放式蛋鸡舍中54周龄尼克红蛋鸡1600只，分为4个重复，每个重复400只鸡，试验期为3周；测定指标与方法同试验一。研究结果如下：1.蛋鸡每日采食量与环境温度之间呈二次相关关系（P<0.01，R2=0.91717），拟合回归方程为：y=135.03231+2.95370x-0.34903x~2；即在本试验测定的环境温度4.55～11.79℃范围内，蛋鸡的采食量随着环境温度升高而下降；2.能量表观消化率与环境温度之间呈二次相关关系（P<0.05，R2=0.58833），拟合回归方程为：y=0.96226-0.07485x+0.00566x~2；在本试验测定的环境温度4.55～10.46℃范围内，随着环境温度的上升，能量的表观消化率先下降后上升，在鸡舍环境温度为6.61℃时，能量的表观消化率最差；3.在环境温度4.55～11.79℃范围内，蛋鸡的产蛋率、破蛋率、蛋重、料蛋比，蛋品质，以及代谢指标粗蛋白、粗脂肪的表观消化率均受环境温度影响不显著；在环境温度3.85～15.45℃范围内，呼吸频率和体温未见显著影响。结论：（1）在夏季20.20～32.57℃和冬季4.55～11.79℃的环境温度范围内，蛋鸡的采食量均随着环境温度的上升而下降；（2）在夏季24.00～35.35℃的环境温度范围内，蛋鸡的呼吸频率和体温均随着环境温度的上升而上升；（3）在夏季20.20～30.98℃和冬季4.55～10.46℃的环境温度范围内，蛋鸡的能量表观消化率均与环境温度呈曲线关系，随着环境温度的上升，能量的表观消化率先下降后上升。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiments have been performed to study the effects of ambient temperature onproduction performance, breathe frequency, body temperature and the digestion of majornutrients in half-opened henhouse in the summer (high ambient temperature) and the winter(low ambient temperature) in Nick-Brown laying hens.Experiment1: The correlations of high ambient temperature in the summer andproduction performance and metabolism indexes in Nick-Brown laying hens.A total of1600Nick-Brown laying hens (26-weeks-old), divided into four replicatescontaining400birds in each, were housed for7weeks in half-opened henhouse in NorthwestA＆F University livestock and poultry ecological farms. The daily average of ambienttemperature in the henhouse, daily average of chickens intake, production performance(laying rate, egg broken ratio, egg weight， egg production and feed conversion efficiency)and digestion metabolism indexes (crude proteins, energy, crude fats) in the model ambienttemperature were detected. To establish the regression model is through analysed thecorrelation with ambient temperature and the experimental indexes. The results are asfollowings:1.There was a strong quadratic correlation between daily feed intake and ambienttemperature (P<0.01, R2=0.91276), and the fitted regression equation wasy=0.96226-0.07485x+0.00566x~2. The intake of laying hens was decreased when ambienttemperature raised from20.20℃to32.57℃investigated in this study.2. There was a strong correlation between breathe frequency and ambient temperature(P<0.01, R2=0.91276), and the fitted regression equation was y=-670.00688+27.74750x. Thebreathe frequency of laying hens was increased27.5times/min with henhouse ambienttemperature raised1℃from24.00℃to35.35℃.3. There was a strong correlation between body temperature and ambient temperature(P<0.01, R2=0.89668), and the fitted regression equation was y=37.30596+0.14343x. Thebody temperature of laying hens was lifted0.14℃when henhouse ambient temperatureraised1℃from24.00℃to35.35℃.4. There was a weak quadratic correlation between apparent energy digestibility and ambient temperature (P<0.01, R2=0.69267), and the fitted regression equation wasy=2.53508-0.14235x+0.00282x~2. The apparent energy digestibility of laying hens was ascend,and then it was fallen, when henhouse ambient temperature climbed from20.20℃to30.98℃. The worst apparent energy digestibility of laying hens was when henhouse ambienttemperature was25.24℃.5. There was no significant difference among the laying rate, egg broken ratio, eggweight, egg production, feed conversion efficiency, egg quality and digestion metabolismindexes (crude proteins, energy and crude fats apparent digestibility) with the effects ofambient temperature from20.20℃to32.57℃.Experiment2: The correlations of low ambient temperature in the winter, production performanceand metabolism indexes in Nick-Brown laying hens.A total of1600Nick-Brown laying hens (54-weeks-old), divided into four replicatescontaining400birds in each, were housed for3weeks in half-opened henhouse in NorthwestA＆F University livestock and poultry ecological farms. The detected experimental indexeswere same as the experiment1. The results are as followings:1. There was a strong quadratic correlation between daily feed intake and ambienttemperature (P<0.01, R2=0.91717), and the fitted regression equation wasy=135.03231+2.95370x-0.34903x~2. The intake of laying hens was decreased when ambienttemperature raised from4.55℃to11.79℃investigated in this study.2. There was a weak quadratic correlation between apparent energy digestibility andambient temperature (P<0.05, R2=0.58833), and the fitted regression equation wasy=0.96226-0.07485x+0.00566x~2. The apparent energy digestibility of laying hens was ascend,and then it was fallen, when henhouse ambient temperature climbed from4.55℃to10.46℃. The apparent energy digestibility of laying hens was worst when henhouse ambienttemperature was6.61℃.3. There was no significant difference among the laying rate, egg broken ratio, eggweight, egg production, feed conversion efficiency, egg quality, digestion metabolism indexes(crude proteins and crude fats apparent digestibility) when the effects of ambient temperaturefrom4.55℃to11.79℃. But the breathe frequency and body temperature was notsignificant difference with the ambient temperature from3.85℃to15.45℃.Conclusion:（1）The intake of laying hens was decreased when ambient temperatureraised from20.20℃to32.57℃in the summer and from4.55℃to11.79℃in thewinter.（2） The respiration rate and body temperature were climbed when ambienttemperature increased from24.00℃to35.35℃.（3）There was a curvilinear relationshipbetween the apparent energy digestibility of laying hens and ambient temperature from 20.20℃to30.98℃in the summer and from4.55℃to10.46℃in the winter. Theapparent energy digestibility of laying hens was fallen, and then it was increased whenhenhouse ambient temperature ascended.更多还原