【作者】 刘娟娟；

【导师】 任广鑫；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 植物资源学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 沼气作为一种生物质能已经广泛的应用在我们的生活和生产中，大力发展沼气可以优先利用能源，还可以改善农村的生态环境，同时还具有显著的经济、能源、环保和生态效益。畜牧业快速发展产生的畜禽粪便给生态环境带来了严重的污染，将畜禽粪便进行资源化处理迫在眉睫。由于猪粪、牛粪单独发酵存在转化率低、发酵不彻底及易酸化等缺点，故添加酒糟、草木灰进行调节，以提高粪便发酵的总产气量和甲烷含量。为探索农村户用沼气的产气量与酒糟、草木灰添加量之间的关系，确定促进沼气厌氧发酵的最佳添加量。本试验以猪粪、牛粪为发酵原料，研究在15℃、20℃、25℃条件下分别添加不同量的酒糟、草木灰对厌氧发酵产沼气的影响，分析了厌氧发酵过程中产气速率、累积产气量、氨态氮质量浓度及甲烷含量的变化。本试验得出以下结论：（1）在15℃条件下，猪粪厌氧发酵以添加5g酒糟的处理组累积产气量最大，为1344ml，添加5g酒糟的处理组甲烷含量最高，为30.4%，以添加1g草木灰的处理组累积产气量最大，为2089ml，添加1g草木灰的处理组甲烷含量最高，为29.3%；牛粪厌氧发酵以添加5g酒糟的处理组累积产气量最大，为2166ml，添加5g酒糟的处理组甲烷含量最高，为33.5%，以添加5g草木灰的处理组累积产气量最大，为1590ml；添加5g草木灰的处理组甲烷含量最高，为33.7%。（2）在20℃条件下，猪粪厌氧发酵以添加5g酒糟的处理组累积产气量最大，为4172ml，添加5g酒糟的处理组甲烷含量最高，为35.3%，以添加1g草木灰的处理组累积产气量最大，为3048ml，添加1g草木灰的处理组甲烷含量最高，为33.1%；牛粪厌氧发酵以添加5g酒糟的处理组累积产气量最大，为4496ml，添加5g酒糟的处理组甲烷含量最高，为36.4%，以添加5g草木灰的处理组累积产气量最大，为4471ml，添加5g草木灰的处理组甲烷含量最高，为34.3%。（3）在25℃条件下，猪粪厌氧发酵以添加5g酒糟的处理组累积产气量最大，为10424ml，添加5g酒糟的处理组甲烷含量最高，为38.6%，以添加1g草木灰的处理组累积产气量最大，为10703ml，添加1g草木灰的处理组甲烷含量最高，为37.9%；牛粪厌氧发酵以添加5g酒糟的处理组累积产气量最大，为6079ml，添加5g酒糟的处理组甲烷含量最高，为46.1%，以添加5g草木灰的处理组累积产气量最大，为5379ml，添加5g草木灰的处理组甲烷含量最高，为43.7%。（4）在15℃、20℃、25℃条件下，猪粪、牛粪厌氧发酵时随着酒糟添加量的增加累积产气量也随之增加，但是增幅减小；猪粪厌氧发酵时随着草木灰添加量的增加累积产气量减少，而牛粪厌氧发酵时随着草木灰添加量的增加累积产气量也随之增加，但是增幅减小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biogas as a biomass energy has been widely used in our life and production,that can givepriority to the use of energy and improve the rural ecological environment and has remarkableeconomic, energy, environmental protection and ecological benefits. In order to explore therelationship between the rural biogas production and the additive amount of lees and plant ash,and to make sure that the best additive amount of the anaerobic fermentation. The experimenttakes the pig manure and cow manure for fermentation materials under15℃,20℃and25℃,by adding different respectively lees and plant ash to anaerobic fermentation biogasproduction to analyse the influence to the change of the gas rate, accumulated gas production,NH3-N content and CH4content in the anaerobic fermentation process. The result showedthat:(1) Under15℃, the accumulated gas production is the highest (1344ml) and the CH4content is the largest (30.4%) in the condition of adding5g lees to the pig manure, and theaccumulated gas production is the highest (2089ml) and the CH4content is the largest (29.3%)in the condition of adding1g plant ash to the pig manure; the accumulated gas production isthe highest (2166ml) and the CH4content is the largest (33.5%) in the condition of adding5glees to the cow manure, and the accumulated gas production is the highest (1590ml) and theCH4content is the largest (33.7%) in the condition of adding5g plant ash to the cow manure.(2) Under20℃, the accumulated gas production is the highest (4172ml) and the CH4content is the largest (35.3%) in the condition of adding5g lees to the pig manure, and theaccumulated gas production is the highest (3048ml) and the CH4content is the largest (33.1%)in the condition of adding1g plant ash to the pig manure; the accumulated gas production isthe highest (4496ml) and the CH4content is the largest (36.4%) in the condition of adding5glees to the cow manure, and the accumulated gas production is the highest (4471ml) and theCH4content is the largest (34.3%) in the condition of adding5g plant ash to the cow manure.(3) Under25℃, the accumulated gas production is the highest (10424ml) and the CH4content is the largest (38.6%) in the condition of adding5g lees to the pig manure, and theaccumulated gas production is the highest (10703ml) and the CH4content is the largest(37.9%) in the condition of adding1g plant ash to the pig manure; the accumulated gas production is the highest (6079ml) and the CH4content is the largest (46.1%) in the conditionof adding5g lees to the cow manure, and the accumulated gas production is the highest(5379ml) and the CH4content is the largest (43.7%) in the condition of adding5g plant ash tothe cow manure.(4) Under15℃,20℃,25℃, cumulative gas production increased with lees’ increase, butthe amplitude is reduced in anaerobic fermentation for pig manure and cow manure;cumulative gas production reduced with plant ash’s increase in anaerobic fermentation for pigmanure, but cumulative gas production increased with plant ash’s increase and the same timethe amplitude is reduced in anaerobic fermentation for cow manure.更多还原