【作者】 许诚；

【导师】 徐丙垠；

【作者基本信息】 山东理工大学 ， 电气工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 馈线自动化(FA)能够实现配网线路的故障定位、隔离与供电恢复,可以减少故障停电时间,缩小停电范围,提高供电可靠性。目前FA大多采用集中控制方式,各馈线开关处的故障信息上传到主站,主站处理数据信息然后遥控分段开关实现故障隔离与网络重构,非故障区段的供电恢复时间达到分钟级。随着通信与计算机控制技术的发展,现已开发出基于分布式智能的馈线自动化(DIFA)系统,安装在馈线开关处的智能终端(FTU)通过对等通信网络相互交换故障信息与控制信息,不需要依靠主站就可以进行故障隔离与网络重构,使非故障区段的停电时间缩短至秒级,这对跳闸控制信息的传输时间提出了很高的要求。目前面向通用对象的变电站事件(GOOSE)的组网方式能够很好地解决控制命令传输的实时性问题,但它需要单独组建通信网络,增加了投资,限制了其在DIFA系统中的应用。若能保证控制信息传输实时性的同时,又能利用配网已有的通信网络传输“三遥”信息和控制信息,就可以较好的实现DIFA,且无需增加额外的通信投资。因此,研究DIFA通信网络的实时性,对保证DIFA性能具有重要意义,推动其在配电网中的应用。本文系统地分析了DIFA的工作原理及其对通信系统的要求,研究对等通信的实现方式、TCP/IP协议、常用的组网方式以及通信协议对其实时性的影响。具体的研究工作主要有：1.研究馈线自动化系统的基本功能、实现方式,对比分析集中式和分布式智能馈线自动化的优缺点,介绍开式、闭式环网DIFA系统的工作原理,得出开式环网DIFA可以做到快速自愈,闭式环网DIFA能够无缝自愈。2.分析分布式智能馈线自动化系统对通信系统的要求,研究对等通信的实现方式、TCP/IP协议以及常用的组网方式(工业以太网、EPON、无线以太网)。得出工业以太网组网的方式是一个比较好的方法。3.对共享式以太网进行实时性分析,并定性分析传输延迟与网络流量的关系；对交互式以太网进行实时性分析,计算通信延时；分析以太网中通信协议对实时性的影响。理论上得出工业以太网的实时性能满足DIFA的通信要求。4.通过实验验证网络流量对工业以太网的通信延时的影响。结果表明当网络负载控制在35%以下时,网络中的通信延时能控制在0.2ms左右；当网络负载大于35%时,通信延时将会显著增加,从5ms到20ms左右不等。本文研究DIFA系统中通信网络的实时性,通过理论分析与实际测试证明,工业以太网完全能够满足DIFA对通信网络实时性的要求,对推动DIFA的发展具有十分重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Feeder automation (FA) can locate and isolate fault line in distribution network. And it can restore power, reduce the fault outage time and blackout range and improve power supply reliability. With the development of communications and computer technology, distributed intelligent feeder automation (DIFA) has been developed. Feeder terminal unit (FTU), which is installed at the feeder switch, communicates fault information with each other through peer-to-peer communication network. It reduces non-failure section of the power outage time to second level. So the trip control information must transport in a very short time. Now generic object oriented substation event (GOOSE) can solve the real-time problem, but it must build anther network to transport the control information. All those limit GOOSE used in DIFA system.If it is guaranteed to the control information transmission real-time performance with the existing communication network in distribution network, and it transport the remote control, remote signaling, telemetry and control information to fulfill DIFA without extra investments in communication. Therefore, researching the real-time performance of communication network in DIFA promote its application in the distribution network.This paper analysis of the DIFA principle, communication systems, implementation of peer-to-peer communication, TCP/IP protocol, common networking, as well as the communication protocol of real-time effects. Therefore, this subject on the research on several areas of content:1. Study FA system features, implementation, advantages and disadvantages of the comparative analysis of centralized and distributed intelligent feeder automation. Introduce of open, closed ring DIFA system. We can get a conclusion that DIFA restore power in the open and closed ring.2. Analysis of communication system requirements in distributed intelligent feeder automation system. Study the implementation of peer-to-peer communication, TCP/IP protocol, common used networking (Industrial Ethernet, EPON, wireless Ethernet).We can get a conclusion that industrial Ethernet networking is a better approach.3. Analysis of Shared Ethernet real-time performance, and qualitative analysis of the transmission delay and network traffic. Analysis of interactive Ethernet real-time performance and compute communication delay. Analysis of the Ethernet communication protocol for real-time impact. Theoretically come to the Industrial Ethernet real-time performance meet the communication requirements of DIFA. 4. Verify of network traffic on Industrial Ethernet communication delay by experiments. Results show that when the network load control below35%,the network communication delay can be controlled at about0.2ms; when the network load is greater than35%, the communication delay will significantly increase, from5ms to about20ms.In this paper, the real-time performance of communication network in DIFA is researched. And the method of controlling real-time network is proposed. It is important practical significance for the development of DIFA in distribution network.更多还原