【作者】 李成；

【导师】 史向前；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 哲学系宗教学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 重新理解道教的善恶报应观对于我们研究与拯救当代的道德缺失的社会问题有着不可或缺的重要现实意义,并能为之提供思想指导。首先我们要弄清楚道教中“善”“恶”以及“报应”的具体含义。然后要了解道教善恶报应观的历史渊源,从原始社会的鬼神崇拜开始导致中国人一直信奉着在人类世界之外,存在着一种超越自然的力量,这种超越自然的力量会对人类的行为有所引导,而长生不死以及灵魂不灭的观念也导致人们对于报应的不可逃避性有所畏惧。接下来是介绍道教善恶报应观的主要内容,在这一部分里主要是以道教经典《太平经》以及《太上感应篇》还有功过格为例。其中《太平经》成书较早,是道教形成之初的主要著作之一,它代表的是道教早期的善恶报应观的主要观点,主要内容是承负报应的思想,即天道承负说。其主要含义是后人承担前人的行为所造成的后果,前人作恶、后人遭殃,前人行善、后人享福。而《太上感应篇》则是代表了道教晚期的善恶报应观的主要观点。其主要内容是通过论述伦理道德来劝善惩恶,融合了儒、释、道三教特色,并且提出了详细的善恶的标准。最后说到功过格,那是一种用明确的分数来表示善恶程度,使惩恶扬善得到具体指导和衡量标准的一类劝善书，对于功过之格与罪恶的等级划分极其到位,一张清晰如画的功过格清单呈现在眼前。然后是道教与佛教、儒教在善恶报应观方面的比较,文中将佛教的善恶报应观和儒教的善恶报应观分别与道教的善恶报应观做比较,这样才能更加凸显出道教善恶报应观的特点。通过比较,才能史好的去发现各种善恶报应观的精华或糟粕思想,以求取长补短,史好的发挥其道德教化的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 To understand the Taoist retribution for good and evil view for us to study and save the contemporary ethics and social issues have an indispensable and important practical significance, and can provide the theoretical preparation.First of all we should make it clear" good" Taoism" evil" and" karma" specific meaning. Then to know Taoism retribution for good and evil views historical origin, from the primitive society the spirits worship in Chinese have been a believer in the human world, the existence of this a supernatural power, the power of human behavior has guide; and live forever and never die and the immortality of the soul concept has led to Nemesis is inevitable be afraid of.The next is the introduction of the main content of Taoist concept of retribution for good and evil, in this part mainly in Taoist classics" Taipingjing" and" supreme book of rewards and punishments" as an example. The" Taipingjing" into the book earlier, is the beginning of the formation of one of the main works, it is representative of the early Taoist concept of retribution for good and evil main idea, main content is the retribution idea, namely logos bear says. Its main meaning is later generations to bear the consequences of previous actions, the previous generations of previous generations suffer evil, do good to enjoy. While the" supreme book of rewards and punishments" is representative of the Taoist late retribution for good and evil view main viewpoint. Its main content is discussed through ethics to advise the vicious, fusion of Confucianism, Taoism and characteristic, put forward detailed standards of good and evil. Finally, when it comes to the merits and demerits of lattice, as a kind of good and evil, expressed as a fraction behavior degree makes clear the good and punishing the evil to get specific guidance a good book, for the merits of grid and crime classification is in place, a clear picturesque merit list showing in front of lattice.Then Taoism and Buddhism, Confucianism in retribution for good and evil in the view of comparison, the first Buddhist retribution for good and evil views and the Confucian concept of retribution for good and evil are given, then respectively and Taoist concept of retribution for good and evil to do more, such ability is more prominent debut to teach good evil should view and its strengths, defect. By comparison, in order to better to find a variety of good and evil retribution advantages and disadvantages, so as to, better play its role in moral education.更多还原