【作者】 谭芳；

【导师】 聂珍钊；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 《呼啸山庄》是艾米莉·勃朗特唯一的一部小说,但是仅凭这一部小说便足以奠定她在世界文学史上不可动摇的地位。自小说出版以来,评论家已从不同的视角、运用不同的批评方法对其进行了研究,对《呼啸山庄》的研究也相当细致与全面。但有一点引起了我们的注意：希刺克厉夫到底是一个什么人,即他的身份问题。虽然评论家注意到了希刺克厉夫的吉普赛、印度人、弃儿等身份,但关键问题并不在他的身份本身,而在于身份的转变及其引发的悲剧后果。希刺克厉夫从流浪儿转变为养子,这种转变给呼啸山庄和画眉山庄这两个家庭与两代人带来了毁灭性的灾难。这场灾难中也包含了深深的家庭伦理困境与个人伦理困境,而人物在伦理困境中的挣扎与反抗导致了一场场悲剧的发生。事实上,《呼啸山庄》展现的是一场关于“养子”的家庭悲剧,悲剧启示我们：应该注意家庭伦理秩序的变化和家庭伦理法则的维护,随时协调好家庭成员之间的关系,促进家庭健康和谐地发展。论文在文本细读的基础上运用了文学伦理学批评方法,对小说中的养子身份及其导致的伦理悲剧进行深入探讨,研究内容主要分为三个部分。第一部分探讨希刺克厉夫的身世困境与身份难题。希刺克厉夫到底是一个什么人,他究竟来自哪里,这些都是解开他身份之谜的关键。第二部分探讨希刺克厉夫身份的转变及其引发的家庭悲剧。老恩萧先生收留希刺克厉夫,这使他从一个流浪儿转变为养子,但这种身份的转变却给两个家庭与两代人带来了毁灭性的灾难。第三部分探讨养子悲剧中的伦理困境与道德评价。希刺克厉夫从流浪儿转变成养子,这在深层意义上是对恩萧家庭伦理法则的破坏,家庭伦理法则遭到破坏的后果是一些列家庭悲剧的发生。希刺克厉夫在整个悲剧过程中也陷入了伦理困境,并且面临着艰难的伦理选择,他归来复仇的选择直接导致了悲剧的发生。在这场悲剧平息之后,应该思考的是对希刺克厉夫行为的道德评价,重点并不在于他的行为是合乎道德,还是有悖道德的,而在于悲剧带给人们道德上的启示与熏陶。结语部分主要对养子的伦理悲剧进行总结。艾米莉·勃朗特描绘了希刺克厉夫的人生道路,讲述了一个养子的生存伦理悲剧,这场悲剧不仅是他个人的悲剧,也是一场家庭悲剧,更是整个社会的悲剧。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wuthering Heights is the only novel of Emily Bronte which is alone sufficient to establish the unshakable status in the history of world literature. And the critics use different methods to undertake unscrambling from different angles since its publication, which makes its study detailed and comprehensive. But a problem is still worth our attention:who’s Heathcliff and his identity. Most critics have noted its outcasts, orphans, fosterage, however the problem is not the identity itself, but the transformation of the identity to Heathcliff and the tragic results caused by it. The transformation from the waif into the adopted son brings great disaster to Wuthering Heights and the Grange as well as two generations of the two families, which also demonstrates a serious family ethical dilemma and personal ethical dilemma. And the struggle and resistance in the ethical dilemmas lead to a series of tragedies.It is a family tragedy of an "adopted son" in Wuthering Heights, which tells us that we should always pay attention to the order of family relationships and family ethical construction and maintenance, to coordinate family relationships among members and maintain the family harmonious and healthy.This paper discusses the identity of Heathcliff based on moths of ethical literary criticism from a close reading of the text, and three parts constitute the main research contents. The first part talks about Heathcliff s identity problem, who is Heathcliff and where he come from become the key to unlock the mystery of his identity. The second part discusses identity transformation and the ethical tragedy caused by it. Mr Earnshaw adopts Heathcliff which makes him turn into an adopted son from a waif, which brings about devastating disasters to the two families and two generations. The third part emphasizes the ethical dilemmas and morality evaluation in the tragedy of the adopted son. The transformation from the waifs into the adopted son of Heathcliff breaks the family ethical rule in a deeper sense, which causes consequence of tragedies. Heathcliff fells into a deep personal ethical dilemmas, faces difficult ethical choices in the tragedy, and his return to revenge directly causes the tragedy. After the tragedy is subsided, we should consider the moral evaluation of his behavior. Whether it is moral or not, which is not the key but moral enlightenment and edification to us in the tragedy. The last part of the dissertation is the summary to the ethical tragedy of the adopted son. Emily Bronte portrayed the life of Heathcliff, which tells the story of the adopted son’s ethical tragedy of survival, and the tragedy is not just a personal tragedy, but also a family tragedy, as well as tragedy of the society.更多还原