【作者】 周艳丽；

【导师】 李韦；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 宗教学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 拜上帝教创立时，中国正逢鸦片战争时期，社会矛盾异常尖锐，各地民间组织如雨后春笋般兴起，封建社会开始土崩瓦解。清王朝与列强签订一系列不平等条约，条约中的保教政策使基督教再次传入中国。此时的洪秀全因屡次科举落第，对儒家文化丧失了信心，又逢机缘成熟，接触到基督教，他一步步走上了基督信仰之路，从而撷取中西文化创立了拜上帝教，进行了基督教本色化在近代中国的初次尝试。拜上帝教对基督教本色化的尝试具体说来，有以下几个方面：第一部分是从拜上帝教的经典以及文化层面考察其本色化的历程。由于洪秀全是在其儒学根基上解读西方基督教的，因此，他所撰写的宗教著作中透视了中西合璧的文化特征。例如，《百正歌》、《原道救世歌》、《原道醒世训》等著作中就透视出洪秀全用儒耶糅合的思想改造社会的愿望。拜上帝教发展后期，洪秀全逐渐认识到基督教《圣经》不合自己的拜上帝教教义，再加上政治的需要，便将《圣经》修改成拜上帝教的圣典《真约》。从文化层面来分析，拜上帝教一方面彰显了基督教的文化底蕴，另一方面却植根于本土文化之中，形成了具有浓郁的中国色彩的基督教会。第二部分是从拜上帝教的教义和组织礼仪方面来考察其基督教本色化的内涵及特征。拜上帝教的宗教教义中含摄了基督教的基本教义和中国本土文化的因素，其对基督教本色化的贡献体现在“三位一体”观与天国观等教义中。“三位一体”观中主要是阐述了圣父、圣子之间的“父子一体”，圣子、圣灵之间的“兄弟一体”，这些都反映出拜上帝教在信仰层面融合基督教的核心教义和中国传统文化所做的努力。拜上帝教因为受儒家的入世思想的影响，其天国观带有极强的此世色彩。在宗教组织上，拜上帝教突显了“自治、自养、自传”的方针，这与中国现代基督教本色化运动中所提出的组织层面之变化的“三自方针”是有相似之处的，在组织层面显示出了拜上帝教的本色化特点。在宗教戒律和礼仪上，拜上帝教结合了中国的社会现状，加入了符合中国传统礼仪和社会习俗的戒律和礼仪。第三部分是基督教本色化的失败及影响。初步尝试最终的确失败了，其原因是多方面的。自太平天国建立以后，就逐渐脱离基督教的本色化观念，没有把中西合璧的传统贯彻下去，即背离了正统基督教教义，又脱离了中国传统文化。一方面拜上帝教建都南京后，将领们就逐渐抛弃前期的平等思想，开始挥霍享受，而下层民众却分享不到胜利果实，从而大失民心。另一方面，洪秀全大肆修改《圣经》，排斥、焚烧儒家典籍，激起士大夫们的不满，最终导致拜上帝教在清政府和外国侵略者的联合绞杀下彻底失败。但此次尝试却对其后基督教的本色化有一定的借鉴意义和影响。其表现在：一、对于拜上帝教与基督教本色化义理和历史层面的互动考察对于探讨基督教本色化的方式和程度具有极为重要的启示意义；二、对于拜上帝教在基督教本色化方面所做的努力和贡献对于当今基督教“中国化”的相关问题的思考提供了案例经验。更多还原

【Abstract】 the congregation of the worshippers of god was founded, China coincided with the Opium Warperiod, abnormal social contradictions sharp around the non-governmental organizations such as themushrooming of feudal society began to fall apart. Qing Dynasty signed a series of unequal treaties withforeign powers, and teaching policy in the Treaty so that the Christian re-introduced into China. Of HongXiu-quan for repeated Imperial Examinations, Confucian culture, the loss of confidence has stimulatedmature opportunity, come into contact with Christianity, a step by step along the road of a Christian, inorder to capture the Eastern and Western cultures to the creation of God Worship, Christian the true natureof the initial attempt in modern China.the congregation of the worshippers of god Christian Indigenization Specifically, the followingaspects:The first part is to examine its true nature of the course from the classic and cultural dimensions ofGod Worship. Hong Xiu-quan interpretation of Western Christianity is on its foundation of Confucianism,he wrote religious works in the perspective of Chinese and Western cultural identity. Such as,"100aresong" Salvation Song "of the original Road, the original Road Awaken the training" and other works on theperspective of the social aspirations of Hong Xiu-quan Jouyet blend of ideological transformation. Thelatter part of God Worship, Hong gradually realized that the Christian Bible "not to his own doctrine of GodWorship, coupled with the political needs, they put the Bible to modify into the sacred book of GodWorship" really about ". To analyze the cultural dimensions of God Worship, on the one hand to highlightthe Christian cultural heritage, on the other hand rooted in local culture, the formation of the ChristianChurch has a rich color. The second part is to examine their Christian qualities of the content and features from the teachingsof the congregation of the worshippers of god and organizations etiquette. With the religious teachings ofthe congregation of the worshippers of god Photo by Christian fundamentalists and local culture factorsreflected in its contribution to the Christian qualities of the doctrine of "trinity" concept, and the kingdomof heaven concept. The concept of "trinity" elaborated between father and son one of the Father, Son, theSon and the Holy Spirit among the "brothers in one", these reflect the core doctrine of the congregation ofthe worshippers of godfusion of Christianity in the belief level the efforts made by Chinese traditionalculture. the congregation of the worshippers of god affected by the the Confucian accession thought, thekingdom of heaven view of this world with a strong color. Religious organizations, to highlight thecongregation of the worshippers of god "autonomous, self-support the principle of the autobiography, andmodern Chinese Christian indigenization movement organizational level change" Three-Self principle of"similarities. at the organizational level showing the characteristics of the true nature of God Worship. thecongregation of the worshippers of god in religious precepts and rituals, combined with China’s currentsocial situation, and joined the precepts of traditional Chinese etiquette and social customs and etiquette.The third part of the Christian qualities of the failure and influence. Initial attempt to ultimately do fail,their are many reasons. Since the establishment of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, moving away from theChristian concept of the true nature of Chinese and Western tradition carried through, that is a departurefrom the orthodox Christian doctrine, and out of the traditional Chinese culture. The one hand of thecongregation of the worshippers of god capital of Nanjing, the generals to abandon the pre-equalityideology, began to splurge to enjoy, while the lower classes to share the fruits of victory, and thus lost muchpopular support. On the other hand, Hong big modify the Bible, exclusion, the burning of the Confucianclassics, and stirred the dissatisfaction of the officials had eventually lead to the congregation of the worshippers of god in the complete failure of the joint strangling of the Qing government and foreigninvaders. However, this attempt but then the subsequent Christian Indigenization of reference and influence.Performance: one for interactive inspection of the true nature of the congregation of the worshippers of godand Christian moral principles and the historical level has extremely important implications for thediscussion of the manner and extent of the Christian Indigenization; II, the congregation of the worshippersof god in the Christian Indigenization the efforts and contributions for the thinking of today’s Christian ""case experience.更多还原