【作者】 张文；

【导师】 贾登勋；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 民商法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,矿业纠纷已成为影响矿业秩序的重要因素。矿产资源物权之侵权的状况时有发生,且因经济的发展和人们的趋利性,加上管理法律法规的漏洞与不全面,使粗放式开采、“破坏式”的开采、非法采矿屡禁不止,无证开采、越层越界开采、滥采乱挖情况越加严重,甚至盗窃抢夺、走私贩私矿产品等违法犯罪活动的时有发生,破坏了矿产资源,侵害了矿产资源相关物权人的权利,也造成了严重的矿产资源浪费。基于矿产资源国家所有的性质,矿产资源一直以来都带着浓重的行政色彩,矿产资源的勘查开采利用均需经过行政授权,接受行政管理。随着物权法对矿业权属于用益物权的权利属性的确定,如今矿业权已由公法性质偏向了私法性质。但我国相应的法律还未完善,具体看来,我国法律主要是对权属纠纷,确切地说是对确权纠纷的规定较多,而对矿产资源物权的侵权损害纠纷却无明确或专门的规定。正是因为这些有限的规定无法解决不断出现的矿产资源物权之侵权纠纷,导致了实践中一些矿产资源物权之侵权纠纷无法可依,久拖难决。而学界目前对于矿产资源物权侵权的理论体系的研究也尚未成熟与深入。本文意就在于深入研究矿产资源物权之侵权的相关制度,以期为发展并完善矿产资源物权之侵权制度找到突破口与侧重点。本文主要分为四部分的内容：第一部分分析了矿产资源物权的基础理论。现今物权法已将矿业权纳入私有财产权的保护范围之内,保障了矿产资源矿业权的权利行使和矿业权权利人的公平竞争。本文在初步介绍矿产资源的定义、种类和性质及物权法对矿产资源的影响后,分析了矿产资源物权受保护的具体范围,矿产资源存在的具体物权,并对矿产资源国家所有权、矿产资源用益物权——矿业权和矿产资源担保物权——抵押权进行了深入探讨,将其分别与一般的所有权、用益物权和担任物权进行对比,寻找其独特之处。第二部分对矿产资源物权之侵权制度理论进行了探讨。因为矿产资源物权人利益保障的迫切需求,矿产资源物权之侵权纠纷的不断等导致矿产资源物权之侵权制度迫切需要建立与完善。本文对矿产资源物权之侵权予以界定,总结了矿产资源物权之侵权的定义、构成要件及在现实中的具体表现,并进一步分析了矿产资源物权之侵权行为不同于其他普通侵权的所在。随后,对矿产资源物权之侵权应承担的民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任进行剖析。与此同时,对国外现今矿产资源物权之侵权制度进行研究,从中寻找在探讨我国矿产资源物权侵权制度时可供借鉴之处。第三部分是深入研究矿产资源物权之侵权纠纷的具体类型。笔者对此归纳了三种类型的侵权纠纷,分别是矿产资源国家所有权的侵权纠纷、矿业权的侵权纠纷和矿业权抵押权的侵权纠纷三种。进而对其在现实中存在的具体侵权表现,如无证开采、越界采矿、私自授受矿权,破坏性开采等侵权纠纷进行逐类分析,从中发现我国矿产资源物权之侵权的现状及存在的问题,为下一步的解决问题提供依据。第四部分是剖析矿产资源物权之侵权的产生原因及解决机制。本部分就首先对矿产资源物权之侵权纠纷产生根源予以分析,找出原因后根据我国现行法律的相关规定,提出了自行解决、行政解决和司法解决三种机制。笔者亦结合了现今我国矿产资源相关立法对矿产资源物权之侵权的保护及不足,提出了相应的法律完善建议,从而更好的解决矿产资源物权之侵权纠纷,保护矿产资源物权,促进我国经济有序稳定发展,保障矿业市场的良性发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, mining dispute has become the important factor which affects mining industry’s order. The real right infringement of mineral resources occurs frequently. Because of the development of economy and people’s profite tendency, coupled with the loopholes and nocomprehensintion of the laws, vulgar mining,"destruction type" mining and illegal mining are difficult to stop. Unlicensed mining, the cross-layer and cross-border mining, abuse mining are in a more and more serious situation. The theft and rob, smuggling and illegal criminal activities on mineral resources become more and more frequently, which destroy the mineral resources, invade the rights of property and cause serious waste of resources.Mineral resources’property of state ownership tied itself closely with the politics, so that its prospecting and use should be legal and obey the official rules on it. Along with the determination that mineral properties are within the real right for usufruct which makes the mineral properties be on the private side than the public. But our country’s corresponding legal is not perfect, specifically speaking, it’s provisions are more about ownership implicit disputes than encroachment disputes on mineral resources. It’s just because of the limited laws that the problems on normal infringement disputes of mineral resources ongoing appeared can’t be solved. It also lead to that some infringement disputes of mineral resources which drag for a long time have no rule to follow. And the study on tort system about mineral resources’property rights is also not complete and deepgoing in academia.This paper is aimed at further studying on the infringement of mineral resources’property rights, and to find out its breach and key point in order to develop and perfect the tort system about mineral resources’property rights. This paper is divided into four sections.In the first part, the basic theory of mineral resources’property rights has been analysed. Nowadays the mining right has been regarded as the private property right in the property law,which to guard the exercise of the mineral resources’property right and the fair competition between mining right holders. After the mineral resources’definition, classification, properties and the effect of the property law to mineral resources has been introduced, the paper also analysed its specific protection scope and the specific property right it included, made further study on the mineral resources’state ownership, usufructuary right (mining right and security interest) and the mortgage, compared these rights with general ownership, usufruct and mortgage to find its uniquesIn the second part, the system theory of the real right infringement in mineral resources were discussed. The infringement of property rights system of mineral resources need to establish and improve eagerly, since the benefit of the owner of mineral resources need to be protected and the property rights infringement dispute in mineral resources never stopped. In this thesis, the real right infringement disputes in mineral resources were defined. The definition, elements and the specific performance in reality of the real right infringement in mineral resources were summarized, and then, the difference between the real right infringement in mineral resources and other ordinary real right infringement were analyses. Then, the civil liability and administrative responsibility and criminal liability of infringement dispute in mineral resources were analyses, meanwhile, we studied the system of the real right infringement in mineral resources in other countries, from which, We found something which are beneficial to explore the system of the real right infringement in mineral resources in our country.In the third part, the specific types of property rights infringement dispute of the mineral resources were studied in depth. We summarized three types of infringement:the infringement disputes of the ownership of mineral resources state, the mining right infringement disputes and mining right mortgage right infringement. And also the author analyses the specific tort phenomena existing in reality, such as unlicensed mining, cross-border mining, who departed mineral rights, destructive mining and so on, from which, the current situation and problems of infringement status in mineral resources were found, those provided some gists for solving the problem in next step.In the fourth part, the origin of the real right infringement in mineral resources and solution of it were discussed. First, we analyses the origin of the real right infringement in mineral resources, then three solutions consist self settlement, administrative settlement and judicial settlement were found according to the relevant laws of our country. We also raised some legal suggestions from the protection and lack of laws in the real right infringement in mineral resources, in order to found a solution for it, promote economic developing orderly and stable, and ensure the development of the mining market in a good state.更多还原