【作者】 高健；

【导师】 邹海峰；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 化学工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 通过对世界各种气体热载体干馏技术的对比，并对抚顺干馏技术近百年运行经验进行总结，结果表明，抚顺干馏技术具有热效率高、可长期稳定运行、能处理低品位页岩、热量自给有余等优点，但也存在油回收率低、自动化程度低、对环境污染较为严重等关键技术问题。为此，借鉴同行业以及类似行业的先进经验，将先进的技术与装备引入油页岩干馏技术中，研发了清洁高效油页岩干馏技术及其配套装备。在清洁高效油页岩干馏技术中，分别对原抚顺干馏技术的干馏系统、供热系统、冷凝回收系统进行了升级与改造。干馏系统的改造内容包括放料装置、探料装置、热载体切断阀门、排渣装置等新产品的研制，以及方便操作的主风布风方式。供热系统的改造内容包括加热炉恒温供热、自动切换，以及增设烟气脱硫装置等。冷凝回收系统的改造内容主要围绕提高油回收率而开展的，包括增设一级水洗系统、电捕塔、循环水净化装置、油泥过滤装置、油泥复用装置等，同时对冷却塔系统的循环洗涤水进行了闭路冷却降温、回收其热量用于采暖的改造。改造后的试运行结果表明，清洁高效油页岩干馏技术对比抚顺干馏技术可使油回收率提高12.4%，每年多回收页岩油7214.2t，多回收副产品-瓦斯1533.6万Nm3，回收循环洗涤水热能79.0GJ。回收的瓦斯全部用于发电可产生电能306.7万Kwh、产生蒸汽2300.4t、回收热能供暖36.5万m2。油页岩、瓦斯产品在理化指标方面均优于或等同于抚顺干馏技术。此外，在减排方面，每年可减少无组织排放2396.8万Nm3，减少H2S排放77.3t，减少SO2排放952.2t，减少危险固体废物排放1000t。在节能方面，通过对多收的页岩油、瓦斯产品，以及循环洗涤水热量回收利用进行折算，每年可节约标准煤15537.1t。经济效益、环保效益、社会效益均非常显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 By comparison with several oil shale retorting technologies andconsidering nearly a hundred years operating experience, Fushun oil shaleretorting technology has some advantages, such as higher thermalefficiency, running a long time, able to processing low-grade shale, morethan self-sufficient in heating, etc., but it has some technical problems, suchas lower oil recovery rate, low degree of automation, serious environmentpollution, etc.. For this end, through learning from the experience of thesame industries and similar industries and introducing advanced technologyand equipment into the Fushun technology, we developed this newtechnology and equipment.In this technology, the original systems, including retort, heating,condensate recovery, are upgraded and transformed. The transformation inretorting includes new equipment development for feeding device, probefeeding device, cut off valve for gas heat carrier, slagging device, etc., anddevelopment of new way for primary air distribution, that is easy to operate.The transformation in heating system includes heating furnace thermostaticheating, automatically switching and flue gas desulfuration. Thetransformation in condensate recovery system, carried out around the highrecovery rate, includes adding washing system, electrostatic oil trap tower,circulating water purification device, sludge filtration device, sludge reuse device, etc.. At the same time, in the cooling tower system, the close-circuitcooling down of washing cycle water has been achieved. The recoveredheat is used in transformed heating.After the transformation, its running result shows that compared withoriginal Fushun retorting technology, this new technology has followingsuperiority: oil recovery rate increases12.4%; annual oil recovery increases7214.2tons; byproduct gas increases15336kNm3; heat recovered fromwashing cycle water is79.0GJ. The recovered gas is used in powergeneration units, producing electric energy3067.2MWh, steam2300.4tons,heating area365km2. The physical and chemical indicators of the shale oiland gas are all better than or equivalent to those of original Fushun retortingtechnology. In addition, fugitive emission of gas reduces23968kNm3peryear, H2S emission reduces77.3tons, SO2emission reduces952.2tons,harm solid waste emission reduces1000tons. In terms of energy savings,the more recovered shale oil, gas product and heat from washing cyclewater are equivalent to15537.1tons standard coal being saved per year. Itseconomic benefit, environment benefit and social benefit are all verysignificant.更多还原