【作者】 赵磊；

【导师】 刘明柱； 陈帆；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学(北京) ， 地下水科学与工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 煤炭开采对地下水环境的影响不可忽略，因此煤炭矿区环境影响评价中应把地下水评价作为重点关注的内容。采用数值模拟进行矿区地下水流场演化趋势的预测，是保证矿区地下水环评准确性的有效手段。煤炭矿区的地下水环境影响评价应注重区域性、累积性的影响。在现状评价中应“由大到小”，自区域影响的调查评价逐步细化到矿区及矿井；影响预测中则要“由小到大”，从矿井开采出发，预测整个区域的流场变化规律。乌审旗呼吉尔特勘查区梅林庙井田位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市境内。本文根据模拟区地质、水文地质条件，建立了水文地质概念模型和数学模型，并利用基于有限元理论的FEFLOW软件进行了求解。选取丰水期为初始流场，枯水期为识别流场，经过反复调整参数，达到了良好的拟合效果。并按照不同开采情景对模拟区域地下水流场进行了环境影响预测与分析。研究表明：在不考虑开采沉陷的情况下，哈头才当水源地开采是造成模拟区潜水水位下降的最主要因素。经模拟预测，矿井单独开采造成的潜水最大降深为2.11m，水源地单独开采造成的潜水最大降深为23.50m，而矿井、水源地共同开采时造成的潜水最大降深为24.41m。后两种情景潜水流场变化、水位下降的程度以及开采后潜水埋深情况大体相同，而仅有煤矿开采的情况下，造成区域潜水流场变化很小，水位降深亦较小。现状条件下，模拟区内地下水资源储存量达到195亿m3，而矿井与水源地共同开采20年后的多年平均地下水资源损失量约0.22亿m3/a（其中多年平均降雨入渗损失量约0.12亿m3/a，多年平均蒸发损失量约0.26亿m3/a，开采量为0.36亿m3/a），并未对区域地下水资源造成严重破坏，不会对民用及农用取水造成过大影响，同时也不会造成因向水源地的汇流，潜水位上升而蒸发量增大的现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 The impact of groundwater environment caused by coal mining should not beoverlooked, thus the focus of environment impact assessment in coal mine areashould be on the content of groundwater evaluation. It is an effective way to forecastthe field evolution trend by numerical simulation, in order to ensure the accuracy ofthe coal mine groundwater EIA.Coal mine groundwater environment impact assessment should focus on regionaland cumulative impact. It should be follow the order of from the regional to the coalmine area in Present Situation Evaluation, and from the coal mine area tothe regional in the Forecast of Impact.Meilinmiao Ida Wushenqi Hujierte exploration area is located in the territory ofOrdos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. According to the geological andhydrogeological conditions of simulation area, defining the hydrogeology conceptualmodel and mathematical model, and sloving by the FEFLOW software based on FEMmethod. The wet season is selected for the initial flow field, and the dry season forfinal flow field. The fitting results are favorable after parameter adjustment. Thenforecast the change of flow field, taking into account the different mining mode.Studies have shown that the exploitation of Hatoucaidang water source area isthe main reason causing the dropping of phreatic. The largest dropping of phreaticlevel is2.11m caused by coal mine only,23.50m by water source area only, and24.41m by exploitation together. The phreatic flow field, dropping of phreatic leveland burial depth of water table are similar in condition of water source area only andexploitation together. But the change of phreatic flow field and drawdown are small incondition of coal mine only.The volume storage amount of phreatic is195×108m3during current conditions.And the annual average loss of groundwater resource after20years is0.22×108m3/a(including0.12×108m3/a of annual average rainfall infiltration losses,0.26×108m3/a of annual average evaporation losses, and0.36×108m3/a of exploitation). It is identified that the damage to regional groundwater resources, residential andagricultural water, at the same time, the phenomenon of evaporation increased causedby convergence will not appear.更多还原