【作者】 张慧；

【导师】 王永生；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 光学工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 超级电容器,又名电化学双层电容器,是一类可以实现快速充放电的储能元件。由于其具有较大的比电容和比功率,以及较之传统电池来说,更长的使用寿命等优点,将作为新一代的储能元件,拥有着更广泛的应用前景。碳纳米管和石墨烯材料作为新型结构碳材料,具有优异的电学、力学、光学等特性,其独特的结构特性,使其在超级电容器中极具应用潜力。本文对活性炭材料、多壁碳纳米管材料和石墨烯材料作电极的超级电容器进行了研究,并对比分析了三种电极材料和水系、离子系两种不同的电解质之间的性能差别,主要内容包括以下几个方面：(1)对三种碳材料分别进行活化,研究了活化过程对三种材料的物理化学特性的影响,以及活化前后的碳材料对电容器性能的影响。明确了活化对材料孔隙度的影响作用,及孔隙度对电容器性能的影响规律。(2)研究了不同碳材料的结构特性对电容器性能的影响,包括比电容、能量密度等基本电学性质,并对其进行比较分析。(3)研究制备了基于上述电极材料的不同电解质超级电容器,通过对循环伏安曲线、恒流充放电曲线、交流阻抗谱等基本电学性能的测量,分析了不同电解质对电容器性能的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Super-capacitors, also known as electrochemical double-layer capacitors, are energy storage components of rapid charge and discharge. Because of its advantages of high specific capacitance and specific power, as well as longer life compared to conventional batteries, it has a broad application prospect as a new generation of energy storage devices. As a new generation of semiconductor materials, Carbon nanotubes and graphene materials have excellent electrical, mechanical, optical and other properties, besides their unique structural features all make it possible in the application in capacitors. This thesis studies the activated carbon materials, carbon nanotubes and graphene materials for super-capacitor electrode, and compares the two different electrolytes combinations of the three electrode materials and water, ion system. The main contents include the following aspects:(1) The activation of the three carbon materials; comparison of the influence of the activation process on the physical and chemical characteristics of the three materials, as well as the capacitor performance before and after the activation of carbon materials. Make it clear that the activation affects the material porosity, and porosity further affects the performance of the capacitor.(2) Comparison of three capacitor properties of carbon materials; analysis of the structural properties of different carbon materials on the capacitor performance; the calculation of basic electrical properties of the capacitance, energy density, and their comparative analysis.(3) Comparison of the two electrolytic capacitors performance. Through the analysis of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it analyzes the impact of different electrolytes on the electrical properties of the capacitors.更多还原