【作者】 张丽娜；

【导师】 陈本益；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 提起神话,人们总是与虚无联系在一起。其实,神话的诞生依托于现实背景,尽管这种现实背景在内容上存在着历史的虚构及时空的错位,但它所体现的神话精神却是从现实中升华而来的。对此,拉斐尔·贝塔佐尼提出“神话的真实性”这一理论。他主要从两方面进行了阐述,一是神话与历史事实上的联系,一是神话利用隐喻、象征的手法来阐释现实社会及真理。费耶阿本德在《无根基的知识——知识、科学与相对主义》中提出：“神话绝不是强加在同他们没有关系的事实上的梦想。相反,一个好的神话能够引用许多对他有利的事实,它有时甚至比今天受到高度赞誉的科学理论更坚定地根植于实验。”①从人类发展的角度而言,历史在不断发展,神话也在逐渐演变。从《荷马史诗》到《魔戒》,这之间所幻化出的神话作品之所以相差甚远,是因为它们所依托的现实背景在不断的发生着变化,这也正印证了神话所描述的内容并不是天马行空的想象,而是来源于现实的生活。实质上,在神话的美丽外衣下,它是在以现实的理念涵养着人们的心灵。也正因为神话与现实有着千丝万缕的联系,所以它才能生命不息。神话填充了人们现实生活里所缺乏的精神和信仰,也善意地给现实人生一个美好的寄托,它是虚幻的,也是现实的；是华美的,也是朴素的；是彼岸,也是此岸。本文把《荷马史诗》、《魔戒》放在同一范畴来研究,从它们所描述的战争、英雄及所体现的社会意识形态这三个层面,进一步探讨神话的现实意义。首先,以两部著作为例,总体概述神话与现实的关系,即反映现实和寓意现实。其次,借助两部著作所描述的战争,探讨其神话与现实社会里的诸多细节上的关联。再次,从两部著作对“英雄”阐释的异同,探析各自时代的背景及文化内涵,从而揭示神话中所描述的英雄其实就是现实社会存在或是向往的形象。最后,探讨两部著作所体现出的社会意识形态,即宗教观、政治观及伦理道德观,实质上就是现实社会精神层面的镜像。更多还原

【Abstract】 Speaking of mythos, people always connect it to something inanity. As a matter of fact, the production of mythos depends on the reality. Though in the respect of content, it is fiction in history and disarrangement in time, the spirit of it intends to embody is sublimated from the reality. Therefore, Raffaele Pettazzoni put forward the theory of "the facticity of mythos" and elaborated it from mainly aspects:the connection between mythos and history; the real world and truth reflected in mythos through metaphors and symbolic measures. Paul Feyerabend also proposed in hia book Knowledge without Foundations--Knowledge, science and relativism that "mythos is by no means people’s dreams forced upon the reality irrelevant to them, on the contrary, a good mytho could suggest many facts in favor of him, and this much be planted much more steady in the experiments than those highly appreciated scientific theories."In the sight of Human Development, mythos develops with the development of history. From the period of Homer to The Lord of the Rings, works on mythos produced differ a lot for the real world it depends on is changing from time to time, which also reflect that the descriptions in the mythos, rather than unconstrained imagination, is from the real life. Essentially, it just tries to elevate people’s mind by the ideas from reality, yet under the cover of beautiful mythos. That is to say, It is the close relationship with the real world that the life of mythos never stand still. It is mythos that make up the place where spirit and belief are lacked in people’s life, helping people to entrust a beautiful desire in their life. Mythos is insubstantial yet realistic, glorious yet plain, this side yet another side.This paper tries to study further Homer and The Lord of the Rings the same category for the practical significance of mythos from the levels of wars, heroes and social consciousness. To start with, it described the relationship between mythos and reality generally, that is, reflecting the real world by moral. Then, after a discussion of the wars in the two works, it tried to explore the relations between mythos and reality in detail. Further, through a comparison of the idea hero, further analyze their background and culture meanings respectively, so as to reveal that the image of hero described in the mythos actually exists in the real world or the image people longing for. Lastly, social consciousness, viewpoints of religion, politics and ethics, embodied in the two books are also discussed, which actually is the reflection of the real society in psychiatry.更多还原