试论贵州烟草业发展历程与趋势（1628-2002）

【作者】 王莹；

【导师】 喻小航；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 专门史， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 烟草作为我国重要的经济作物,是我国地方财政的重要创收来源。全国几大烟草产区,山东、河南、安徽、贵州、云南以及近几年崛起的湖南等地,在烟草产业的发展历史都十分悠久。相较于我国北部、东部和中部的烟草产区而言,位于云贵高原的贵州在晾晒烟为市场主流产品时,曾因其质量优良一度达到产业的巅峰,烟草成品常外销至其他省份。而好景不长,这种产品优势随着烤烟引进后开始有所改变。贵州引入烤烟的时间晚于于山东、河南等地,但引种成功后因其所产烟叶品质俱佳,很快就被认定为优质烤烟生产地,由此开始大面积种植烤烟、增加复烤场以及建立了一批卷烟加工厂。1996至1997年间,贵州烟草产业一度走向了辉煌,成功打造了“遵义”、“黄果树”等一批全国知名卷烟品牌。但随着烟草行业市场竞争加剧以及贵州烟草行业自身管理和发展定位等问题,贵州烟草产业并未成功延续这样的辉煌,甚至在2000年成为了全国烟草行业惟一一个“两烟亏损的省份”。相较而言,同是西南烟区的云南,烟草业发展和贵州类似,但现今市场效益十分可观,发展前景也不容小觑。贵州和云南两者同处云贵高原,自然环境相近,烟草发展类似,何以云南的烟草产业从引入烤烟后就一直书写着成功者的传奇?是什么原因导致贵州却从辉煌走向了没落?这是本文试图深入探讨并分析的内容之一。为了探寻贵州如何摆脱产业困局的现状,本文试图从贵州烟草产业历史发展的角度出发,并将其与云南烟草业发展史进行比较研究,以史为鉴、论从史出的原则下,综合探寻并分析贵州烟草产业落后于云南的根源,以期能对其形成全面、客观的认识,进而形成具有一定针对性的建议。目前已是我国加入世界贸易组织的第十一年,也是我国政府履行世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》的第六年。世界禁烟浪潮越来越大、消费者吸食喜好从传统的烤烟型卷烟转向低焦油混合型卷烟、同时国外烟草巨头对我国烟草市场虎视眈眈,在这样的环境下,我国烟草专卖制度面临着严峻挑战但也迎来了前所未有的发展机遇。那么,作为全国两个优质烤烟生产基地之一的贵州,该怎样应对这种挑战?如何才能让现今的贵州烟草业再度腾飞?这将是本文试图全面、深入探讨并寻求解决之道的一个重要问题。全文拟分为绪论、正文和小结三个部分。绪论中,主要论述选题缘由、选题意义、研究现状、研究方法,对文中相关概念进行了界定,并设定了本文研究思路和研究目标。正文分为三个部分论述的问题主要围绕以下几个方面展开：第一,阐述烟草的起源、何种途径传入我国,以及传入后的影响。并在此宏观背景下,试图分析烟草如何流向贵州,流入以后分布情况以及所产生的经济效益。第二,通过分析自然环境与烟草的关系,比较贵州和云南自然环境对烟叶生产的影响,从而得出结论哪一个地区更适宜种植优质烟草。第三章,重点阐述贵州烟草产业的形成,以及规模和特点,在此基础上与云南产业发展历史进行比较分析,以期对贵州烟草产业发展史形成一个全面、深刻的认识,并在此基础上认清自身不足和差距。小结部分,主要分析在中国加入WTO后面临的挑战和机遇的时代背景下,中国烟草业发展方向,进而针对贵州烟草产业的困境进行分析同时提出相应建议,使贵州烟草产业达到再度腾飞。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important economic industry, Tobacco is an important source in our local revenue. Several major tobacco-producing areas, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Guizhou, Yunnan, the rising Hunan and other places, the history of the development of the tobacco industry are very long. Compared with China’s northern, eastern and central tobacco producing areas,Guizhou located in southwest Yun-Gui Plateau,the main product in the market was air-cured Tobacco.Because of its excellent quality, it had once reached the pinnacle of the industry, tobacco finished products are often exported to other provinces. But the good advantages of this product began to change after the introduction of with the flue-cured tobacco. Although Guizhou introduction of flue-cured tobacco of time is backward in Shandong, Henan and other places, but once try to grow, because of the superb producing tobacco quality, it was soon recognized as high quality flue-cured tobacco producer, and began a massive planting of flue-cured tobacco, increased redrying field and established a group of cigarette factory. In the reform and opening up from 1996 to 1997, created a "Zunyi", "Huangguoshu" well-known cigarette brands, in this period Guizhou tobacco industry once toward its glory. But with the tobacco industry intensified market competition and Guizhou management and development orientation of the tobacco industry, Guizhou tobacco industry does not continue to write such brilliant even in 2000, Guizhou became only one loser of a "two smoke" in the national tobacco industry. By comparison, the same the southwest Yunnan, the effectiveness on tobacco is very considerable. Guizhou and Yunnan, located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, they have the similar natural environment, the similar history of the development, but after the introduction of flue-cured tobacco how the tobacco industry in Yunnan has been writing the legend of the winners, while Guizhou is from glory to decline. This is the key points that the article attempts to analyze. To pull Guizhou out of the industry dilemma, this paper attempts to a historical perspective from the development of Guizhou’s tobacco industry, by comparison with the historical development of the tobacco industry in Yunnan, has a comprehensive analysis of the root causes of the tobacco industry which lag behind in Guizhou, and make recommendations.Today is the eleventh year of China’s accession to the WTO, China’s tobacco monopoly system is facing challenges from the market, and consumers shift from the traditional flue-cured tobacco cigarette to low-tar blended ones. In this background, the whole of China not only in Guizhou or Yunnan, the whole tobacco industry is facing a lot of challenges and development opportunities. As one of the country two high-quality flue-cured tobacco production base in Guizhou, how to face with this challenge to make the industry once again take off, the paper attempts to explore to solve the problem. The paper is divided into three parts of the introduction, main body and summary.The introduction part mainly discusses the topics of reason, the significance of the topic, present situation of the research, methods, defining some related concepts in the text and setting the present study ideas and research goals.The main body is divided into three parts discussed issues, around the following aspects:First, explain the origin of tobacco and when, how was introduced to China and the impact. Under this macro background, the context attempts to analyze how the tobacco flows to Guizhou, the inflow distribution and the resulting economic benefits.Second, by analyzing the relationship between the natural environment and the tobacco, comparing the natural environment impact on the tobacco production in Guizhou with Yunnan,, and draw a conclusion.Third, focusing on the formation of the tobacco industry in Guizhou, as well as the size and characteristics, comparing with the history of industrial development in Yunnan and analyze.The summary part mainly discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by China’s accession to the WTO, and make recommendations for the plight of the tobacco industry in Guizhou.更多还原