【作者】 徐慧；

【导师】 李松玉；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中外政治制度， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 民主政治是社会主义的根本属性，是市场经济发展的本质需要，它具有保障人民的基本权利和维护政治稳定等方面的社会功能，内在地构成了实现当代中国社会主义的核心内容与关键条件。党的十七大报告阐述社会主义民主政治，在党的历次代表大会上是最多的一次，也是至今为止强调人民民主最深入、最广泛的一次。十七大报告第一次以“坚定不移发展社会主义民主政治”作为政治建设部分的标题，表明了我们党对发展社会主义民主政治的坚定立场和态度。报告中首次提到发展基层民主，并对发展基层民主予以重点着墨。基层民主不仅保障人民享有更多切实的民主权利，在人民行使民主权利时也有法可依，有利于人民实行自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督。因此基层民主是人民当家作主最有效、最广泛的途径。完善基层政府职能、构建合理的政府组织体系、理顺政府之间的关系、规范政府管理和运作方式成为当下基层政府体制改革的重要组成部分。在民主政治的指导下发展基层民主、改革基层政府体制同时也为政治体制总体改革打下扎实基础。基层政府指的是以乡、镇和城市街道为原点，向上扩大到县（含县级市）和城市区一级，向下延伸到行政村的范畴。基层政府作为城市与乡村的中介层，上传下达，执行民意。基层政府是我国国家政权体系中最基层的政府机关，是一定地域内政治、经济、文化等各项社会事务管理的中心，肩负着贯彻和执行国家政策、推动乡镇经济社会发展的重任。同时它也是本级人民代表大会的执行机关，主要行使着行政事务管理、经济管理、民政管理、社会治安管理、城镇建设管理、人口管理、教育科学文化管理等职能。基层政府作为中国行政管理体系中最基层的政权组织，面临着多方压力，不仅有财政供给不足的压力，而且还承担着全方位为基层群众提供服务的政治责任和社会压力，承担着众多的社会管理和公共服务职能，它的运转正常与否直接关系到地方乃至国家的政治稳定，经济发展和社会安定。民主政治对政府管理方式提出了很高的要求，随着农村地区各项事业改革的逐步深入，加之传统体制下建立和发展起来的管理体系本身所固有的弊端，我国基层政府的管理体制和运作方式越来越难以适应时代的要求，反而有碍于基层社会事业发展，因此结合当下国情，基层政府体制改革是客观形势的必然。因此，在民主政治指导下创新基层政府体制，探讨民主政治与体制改革的关系，通过分析基层政府体制改革已取得的初步成效和所面临的困境，进一步分析未来基层政府体制改革的基本任务，在民主政治的指导下，遵循基层政府体制改革的基本原则，为基层政府体制改革提供可行性路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Democratic politics is the essential attribute of socialism, is the development ofthe market economy the essential needs, it has to guarantee basic rights and maintainpolitical stability, social function, the realization of contemporary China socialismconstitutes the core content and the key condition. The report of the 17th PartyCongress on socialist democracy, in the previous Party Congresses is one of thelargest, is so far the most in-depth emphasizes democracy. It is the first time toreference to the development of democracy at the grassroots level, and thedevelopment of democracy at the grassroots level to be paid attention. Democracy atthe grassroots level not only to ensure that the people enjoy democratic right, but alsobe helpful for people to practice self-management, self-service, self-education, self-supervision. Therefore the democracy at the grassroots level is the most effective andextensive way. Perfect the function of basic level government, reasonable constructionof the grass-roots government organizational structure, straighten out on the lowerlevels of government, the relationship between government management and mode ofoperation more standardized to become at present basic level government systemreform is an important part. On democratic politics under the guidance of thedevelopment of grass-roots democracy, reform the system of government as well aspolitical system reform to lay a solid foundation.Basic level government refers to the village, town and city streets as the origin,the upwardly extending to the county (including county-level city) and the city regionlevel, extending down to the category of administrative village. City and countrysidebasic unit government as the intermediary layer, upload, executive opinion. Localgovernment is our country national power system is the most grass-roots governmentis in certain region, political, economic, cultural and social affairs management center,promote society of economy of villages and towns development task. At the sametime it also is the congress, the main administrative affairs management, economicmanagement, civil administration, the social security administration, the managementof urban construction, population management, science management and otherfunctions.Basic level government as administrative management system is the mostgrass-roots political power organization, not only face the pressure of insufficientfinancial supply, but also undertake all-around do well for the farmer service politicalresponsibility and social pressure, assuming a multitude of public management andpublic service functions, of local and national political stability, economicdevelopment, social stability play a decisive role. But, as the change of domestic andinternational environment, especially in the rural areas the cause of reform further, inaddition to the traditional system established and developed under the managementsystem of the inherent drawbacks, causes our country local government managementsystem is more and more difficult to adapt to the requirements of the times, become an obstacle to social development of important factors, basic level the institutionalreform of the government is the objective situation inevitable. Therefore, indemocratic politics under the guidance of local government system innovation,explore the relationship between democracy and reform, through the analysis of localgovernment system reform has achieved initial success and the dilemmas facing thefuture, further analysis of the grass-roots government reform basic task, in democraticpolitics under the guidance of basic level government, follow the basic principle thatsystem reforms for the grass-roots government system reform, provide feasible path.更多还原