【作者】 陶然；

【导师】 钱文荣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,沿海地区率先受惠于改革开放,众多劳动密集型产业蓬勃发展,吸引了大量农村劳动力,壮观的“民工潮”逐渐形成,进城务工的农民工为社会创造巨大的财富的同时,也一定程度上缓解了农村剩余劳动力的难题,并且还为城乡统筹发展做出良多贡献。中国拥有充沛的劳动力资源,是世界公认的“人口红利”大国,改革开放让整个中国迅速迈向现代化,这正是劳动力需求旺盛之时,然而谁也没有料到浩浩荡荡的“民工潮”会在2003年突然锋一转变成了“民工荒”,众多企业措手不及。之后每年或大或小的“民工荒”难题都会出现,2009年全球金融危机之后更有全国扩散的趋势。学界普遍认为中国离“刘易斯拐点”还尚远,“人口红利”并没有枯竭,然而源源不断的劳动力资源流去哪里了呢?高职业流动率现象的背后究竟包含着农民工们的哪些选择?劳动密集型产业该何去何从?政府究竟可以采取哪些手段来缓解企业普遍的用工压力?杭州市是沿海经济发达城市,以建筑业为代表的劳动密集型产业发展迅速,用工需求高涨,蕴藏大量就业机会。杭州是农村劳动力进城务工的热门目的地,然而“民工荒”袭来,杭州市的建筑业不得不面临着急缺技工、普工招不满、用工成本大幅攀升的困境。本论文以杭州市建筑业为代表,实地调研农民工的职业流动的意愿情况,寻求问题的答案。本论文的研究分两大部分,首先利用年鉴和相关资料来了解杭州市建筑业的整体行业情况与用工情况,并通过对建筑企业的实地访谈来了解具体的用工细节和用工需求；其次针对已就业于建筑业的农民工,通过一对一问卷调查来具体了解其个人特征、家庭特征、工作情况、技能特征和地区选择这五大方面的情况,然后通过实证研究来定量分析五类因素对农民工职业流动的意愿(即是否留在建筑业工作)的影响情况。论文总体分为六章,前两章为绪论和文献综述部分,阐述“民工荒”难题,并对国内外劳动力就业选择的相关文献进行综述；第三章概述了杭州市建筑行业整体情况和用工情况,并具体描述企业访谈的内容与结果；第四章聚焦于农民工个体的职业流动的意愿问题上,对各因素与职业流动的意愿做交叉分析；第五章首先利用卡方检验来初步考察被调查对象的个人、家庭、工作、技能特征和地区选择这五类因素对其职业流动的意愿的影响,筛选出进入二元逻辑回归模型的解释变量,然后通过二元逻辑回归模型对解释变量进行检验,进行简要分析；第六章总结本研究得出的主要结论,并进一步提出缓解用工难题的相关政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ever since the late seventies last century, millions of companies, especially the labor-intensive ones in the coastal area have been the first beneficiaries from China’s reform and opening, and during the thriving process, thousands and millions of peasants have been attracted by numerous job opportunities, thus forming the impressive movement of migrant workers. Labors, from countryside to modern coastal cities, create huge wealth, alleviate to some extent problem of overabundant rural labors and also play a critical part in integrating urban and rural areas. China, known to the world as a country never short of labor resources, remains developing at a skyrocket speed. However, year2003was a vague turning point in labor supply, that is, coastal areas experienced the labor shortage for the first time, and later this problem calls on coastal areas annually and nowadays global financial crisis has even worsened the problem in2009. The phenomenon of labor shortage spreads all over the nation. Though researchers argue that the total amount of surplus rural labor is not decreasing, where have the abundant labor gone? What are the reasons behind rural labors’job choices that cause shortage and high rate of turnover? What are the measures to resolve the shortage?Among the developed coastal cities, Hangzhou is one of the popular destinations of migrant workers, since its industries, especially the labor-intensive construction industry, are growing fast, creating a large number of job opportunities and demanding huge amount of labors. With the outburst of national-wide labor shortage problem, construction industry is also forced to deal with shortage of both skilled and common laborers, along with the pressure of ever-rising labor costs.This paper chooses construction industry in Hangzhou as a representative, seeking for answer through desk and field research. The paper contains two main parts, firstly, data and information about the general status of construction industry in Hangzhou from statistical yearbook, professional reports and detailed information collected from five interviewed construction companies; secondly, descriptive and empirical research on migrant workers’willingness of occupational mobility, i.e. whether to remain staying in construction industry, which is based on the face-to-face questionnaires filled out by migrant workers who are now working in the construction industry. The questionnaire comprises mainly five categories of questions, concerning interviewees’personal, family, working, skill features and choice of district.The paper is divided into six chapters. The first two chapters introduce the labor issues and summarize related classic and domestic literatures about career choice of rural labors respectively. Chapter Three discusses generally about the situation of construction industry in Hangzhou and describes the company interviews in details. Chapter Four and Five focuses on the field research on construction workers’ willingness, firstly cross-analyzing the relationship between explanatory variables of five categories and the dependent variable, job choice, later using Chi-square method to select influential factors and then Binary Logistic Regression to examine the influence of selected factors on workers" willingness of occupational mobility. Chapter Six is a summary of the research results and further propositions to help retain labor and ease the tension of labor shortage.更多还原