【作者】 吴云助；

【导师】 罗本琦；

【作者基本信息】 安庆师范学院 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 教育方针是政党或国家提出的在某一历史阶段关于教育工作的总的指导思想,规定了教育工作的总方向,是教育事业改革发展和教育工作的根本指针。新中国成立以来,党的教育方针大致经历了四个阶段的演变。“建国后17年”是党的教育方针的初步确立阶段,确立了新中国第一个社会主义教育方针,提出了“全面发展”、“教劳结合”、“健康第一”等丰富的教育方针思想。“文革”10年是党教育方针的严重扭曲阶段,教育方针在形式被领袖指示所代替,在实践中遭到了极端片面的扭曲。20世纪80年代是新时期党的教育方针的积极探索阶段,结束了“教育为无产阶级政治服务”的方针,提出了“三个面向”、“四有新人”等教育方针思想。20世纪90年代以后是新时期党的教育方针正式确立与重大发展阶段,正式确立了新时期党的教育方针,教育方针实现了从“教育为社会主义建设服务”向“教育为社会主义建设服务,为人民服务”、从“教育与生产劳动相结合”向“教育与生产劳动和社会实践相结合”、从“德智体全面发展”向“德智体美全面发展”等重大发展,并提出了“优先发展”、“办好人民满意教育”等重大方针。回顾新中国成立以来党的教育方针演变的历史,发现党探索中国特色社会主义教育发展道路与探索中国特色社会主义发展道路一样,都不是一帆风顺的,给我们留下了丰富的、在今天仍有重要现实意义的教育方针思想的同时,也给我们留下了应该汲取的教训。党要在马克思主义关于人的全面发展理论的指导下,立足现实国情和中国传统、科学把握教育发展的阶段性特征,准确定位教育的功能和定位,顺应群众期盼,不断推进教育理论和实践创新,在保持教育方针的相对稳定性的同时,不断完善党的教育方针。党的教育方针演变历史给我们的启示就是,党的教育方针应该是一个包含了教育事业发展方针和教育方针的开放的体系,重点是回答了在中国办什么样的教育与如何办教育、培养什么样的人与如何培养人这些重大问题。“办好人民满意教育”和“优先发展教育”应该是新时期新阶段党的教育事业发展方针主要内容。党的教育方针的核心应该是:培养为社会主义服务和为人民服务的社会主义的社会主义建设者和接班人;教育与生产劳动和社会实践相结合,能力为重,学以致用;育人为本、德育为先,实施素质教育,促进学生全面发展、健康成长培养。更多还原

【Abstract】 Educational policy is total directing thought about education work in certain historical period put forward by Party or country. It regulates total direction of education and is fundamental guide of reform and development in educational cause.Since new China was founded, Party’s educational policy has approximately experienced four stages of development. The first stage includes 17 years after the founding of our country , this was the preliminary stage of Party’s educational policy, it put forward abundant thoughts on educational policy, such as“over-all developments”,“the combination of education with labor”, and“placing health first”. The second stage includes the ten years of the Cultural Revolution,this was the stage when Party’s educational policy was seriously distorted. In this stage, educational policy was replaced by leader’s directions, and suffered from extreme distortion in practice.The 1980s was active exploration stage of Party’s educational policy, and it ended the policy that“education serves the proletariat politics”, and put forward thoughts on educational policy such as“three orientations”and“new people with ideal, morality, knowledge and discipline”. The period since the 1990s was the formal establishment and important development stage of Party’s educational policy and it formally established Party’s educational policy in the new period. In the new century, educational policy experienced important development, from the viewpoint that“education serves socialist construction”to the viewpoint that“education serves socialist construction and people”, from the viewpoint that“education combines with productive labor”to the viewpoint that“education combines with productive labor and social practice”, from“developing in an all-round way, morally, intellectually and physically”to“developing in an all-round way, morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically”, and it put forward important policies such as“giving priority to educational development”and“providing satisfactory education for people”.Looking back upon the history of development on Party’s educational policy since New China was founded, we found that the road for Party to explore socialist educational development with Chinese characteristics is the same as the road for Party to explore socialist development with Chinese characteristics. Neither of them was always developing smoothly. It leaves abundant educational policy thought which now still has important practical significance, and also it leaves us a lesson that we should absorb. The Party should foot hold actual national conditions, Chinese tradition and the phase characteristic of scientifically mastering education under the direction of the theory of people’s overall development of Maximum, correctly place educational function and orientation, follow common people’s expectation and constantly promote educational theory and practical innovation. When it keeps relative stability of educational policy, it constantly consummates Party’s educational policy.The historical development of Party’s educational policy inspires us that the educational policy should be an open system containing education career development policy and educational policy. It mainly answers important questions like what kind of education to hold in China, how to hold education, what kind of talents to cultivate and how to cultivate talents.“make a good job of education which people feel satisfactory”and“give priority to developing education”should be the major concern of Party’s educational career development policy. The core of Party’s educational policy should be: serving socialism, serving people, being constructer and successor of socialism; education combines with productive labor and social practice. Ability is very important and study is for practice; education people first and take moral education as advance, implementing quality education, promoting students’overall development and making healthy growth cultivation.更多还原