【作者】 张冬梅；

【导师】 杨辉； 王奕人；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 材料科学与工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是纺织品生产大国,纺织工业在国民经济中占有重要地位。近年来,随着纺织工业的发展以及人们生活水平的不断提高,差异化、功能化的纺织品成为产业发展的重要方向,一些具有诸如抗菌、耐污、阻燃、除异味、抗静电、远红外等功能的纺织品受到人们的重视,而织物整理剂是这类功能型纺织品开发的关键。本文围绕纺织品在防水、防油、抗菌等方面的应用需求,开发集防水、防油、抗菌等多种功能于一体的织物整理剂,主要研究内容如下：(1)氟代丙烯酸酯乳液的制备采用无皂乳液聚合法制备氟代丙烯酸酯乳液,并用于织物的拒水、拒油整理。使用透射电镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱、粒度分析仪等对氟代丙烯酸酯乳液的结构及形貌进行表征,研究了含氟单体和引发剂的含量对乳液性能的影响以及对整理后织物的拒水、拒油性能的影响,交联单体的含量对织物耐洗性能的影响,考察了织物在整理前后的拒水、拒油性能以及白度、透气性、折皱回复角、断裂强度等性能的变化。结果表明：随含氟单体含量的增加,整理后织物拒水、拒油性能显著提高；增加交联单体用量有利于提高织物的耐洗性能。当含氟单体含量为10%,交联单体含量为6%时,整理后的织物拒水性能为100分,对水的静态接触角为160°,拒油性能达到7级,经20次水洗后织物仍能保持较高的拒水、拒油性能。(2)壳聚糖-银离子抗菌剂的制备采用溶胶凝胶法制备壳聚糖-Ag+抗菌剂,并用于织物的抗菌整理。使用红外光谱对抗菌溶胶的结构进行表征。研究了壳聚糖在弱酸中的溶解性,壳聚糖和银离子络合时的质量比以及溶液的pH对抗菌剂稳定性的影响,考察了织物在整理前后的抗菌性能以及白度、透气性、折皱回复角、断裂强度等性能的变化。结果表明：当溶液的pH值为5时,壳聚糖和银离子的质量比为1000：1时,可以制得性能稳定的抗菌剂。织物经抗菌剂整理后,对大肠杆菌的抑制率为98.5%,水洗20次后仍能保持优异的抗菌性能。(3)抗菌拒水拒油多功能织物整理剂的制备将氟代丙烯酸酯乳液和壳聚糖-Ag+抗菌剂按照一定的比例复配,制得抗菌、拒水、拒油多功能织物整理剂。探讨了壳聚糖-Ag+抗菌剂和氟代丙烯酸酯乳液复配时的比例对整理后织物抗菌、拒水、拒油性能的影响。结果表明：壳聚糖-Ag+抗菌剂和氟代丙烯酸酯乳液具有较好相容性,当氟代丙烯酸酯乳液和抗菌剂的复配比为2：1时,整理后棉织物的抑菌率超过96%,对水的静态接触角达到150°,拒油等级为六级。而且整理后织物保持了原有的基本特性,只是白度和透气性能略有下降,断裂强度和折皱回复角略有上升。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country is the largest producer of textile, textile industry plays an important role in national economy. In recent years, with the development of textile industry as well as people’s living standard rising ceaselessly, function textile has become an important direction of this industry. People has paid more attention to function textiles, such as antibacterial, anti-pollution, flame retardant, divide peculiar smell, anti-electrostatic and anti-far-infrared function textiles. And textile finishing agent is the key to develop those functional textiles. This paper focus on textiles in waterproof, oilproof, antibacterial application, and develop antibacterial water and oil repellent multifuctional finishing agent. The main research contents are as follows:(1) Preparation of fluoride acrylic acid emulsionThe fluoride acrylic acid emulsion was synthetized by no soap emulsion polymerization and used as waterproof and oilproof finishing agent. TEM, SEM, FTIR and Particle Size Analyzer were adopted to analyze the structure and morphology of fluoride acrylic acid emulsion. The influence of fluoride monomer and cross-linking monomer dosage on water and oil-repellent and washable properties were discussed. The water and oil-repellent ability, as well as whiteness, gas permeability, crease recovery angle and tensile strength of the fabric before and after finishing were also investigated. The results show that the water and oil-repellent ability enhances with the increase of fluorine monomer dosage, and increasing of cross-linking monomer can help to improve the washable properties of the fabric. When the contents of fluorine monomer and cross-linking monomer are 10% and 6% respectively, the water repellency of finished fabric is 100 points, the H2O contact angle can reach 160°and the properties of oil-repellent can reach at seven level., the fabric still maintains relatively high water and oil-repellent and washable properties after washing for 20 times.(2) Preparation of chitosan-Ag+ antibacterial agentChitosan-Ag+ antibacterial sol was prepared by sol-gel method and used as antibacterial agent. FTIR and SEM were adopted to analyze the structure and morphology of antibacterial sol. We discussed the dissolution of the chitosan in glacial acetic acid and the stable performance of sol influenced by the mass ratio of chitosan to Ag+. And the whiteness, crease recovery angle, gas permeability and tensile strength of the fabric before and after finishing were also investigated. The results show that the stable chitosan-Ag+ antibacterial composite sol can be obtained when the mass ratio of chitosan to Ag+ is 1000:1 and the pH value is kept at 5. The cotton fabric antibacterial capacity is 98.5% after finishing and can maintains relatively high antibacterial capacity after washing for 20 times.(3) Preparation of antibacterial water and oil repellent multifunctional finishing agentBlend chitosan-Ag+ antibacterial composite sol with fluoride acrylic acid emulsion at certain proportion, and obtained finishing agent. The cotton fabric was finished by the agent. We discussed antibacterial properties, water-repellent ability and oil-repellent ability of fabric influenced by volume ratio of antibacterial composite sol to fluorine acrylate latex. The properties of the treated cotton fabric were also studied. The results show that when the volume ratio of fluorine acrylic acid emulsion to antibacterial sol is 2:1, the cotton fabric antibacterial capacity exceed 96%, while the H2O contact angle and the properties of oil-repellent can reach 150°and six level respectively. The finishing agent has little influence on the properties of cotton fabric itself. Compared with original cotton fabric, the white degree and gas permeability of finished cotton fabric are declined, while the breaking strength and crease recovery angle are slightly increased.更多还原