临床青年医生职业压力及其影响因素研究

【作者】 俞健；

【导师】 徐珂；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 社会学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会竞争越来越激烈,职业压力的危害性已引起国家、政府和企业等相关部门的重视。通过对职业压力及其影响因素的研究,可以了解职业压力的状况,分析职业压力产生的原因,并为如何改善就业环境、减轻压力和管理压力提供理论和实践依据。本研究主要采取文献法和调查法,研究对象是临床青年医生。首先在研究文献的基础上提出假设,然后对上海某三级甲等综合医院的339名青年医生进行访谈和问卷调查,最后利用SPSS、EXCEL统计软件进行汇总、统计、分析得出结论。调查内容主要测量职业压力水平情况和压力影响因素情况两部分。职业压力水平的测量主要采用职业倦怠量表进行测量,压力影响因素的调查则利用压力源量表进行测量。通过调查研究主要结论如下：(1)临床青年医生职业压力处于较高水平。从职业倦怠的三维度的分值来看,三个维度的平均分均高于中数,其中情绪衰竭偏高,情感疏远次之,成就感缺失在三者中最低。(2)职业压力水平在性别、婚姻状况、年龄、学历、职业年限存在差异性。主要依据为在情感衰竭维度上,不同的性别、婚姻状况、年龄、学历、从事职业年限存在着显著差异。(3)职业压力八个影响因素中,社会因素、报酬因素、个人发展、工作负荷、医患关系、组织因素的平均值超过中数。按照平均值排序可以看到社会因素、报酬因素、个人发展位于前三位,这也符合现在年轻医生的特点。而组织因素、职业兴趣、院内人际关系排在最后三位,工作负荷、医患关系居中。(4)临床青年医生的部分职业压力影响因素在性别、婚姻状况、年龄、职业年限存在差异性。根据统计结果显示,组织因素在性别、婚姻状况、年龄、职业年限上存在显著差异；报酬因素在性别上存在显著差异；职业兴趣因素在婚姻状况上存在显著上存在差异。而人际关系因素、医患关系因素、工作负荷因素、个人发展因素在人口变量中不存在差异。(5)通过多重线性回归分析,可得职业压力情况和职业压力影响因素密切相关。回归统计说明情绪衰竭维度与职业影响因素中的组织因素、报酬因素、人际关系、职业兴趣、医患关系、工作负荷、个人发展因素相关；情感疏远维度与影响因素中的报酬因素、人际关系、社会因素相关；成就感缺失维度与影响因素中的组织因素、报酬因素、职业兴趣、医患关系、工作负荷、个人发展因素相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the social competition grows, the harms of occupational stress have caused attention of relevant departments such as the state, the government and the enterprises. A study on occupational stress and its main factors will not only help to learn the condition of this stress and to analyze its causes, but also provide theoretical and practical foundation for the improvement of the working environment as well as the reduction of stress and management stress.Using literature research and questionnaire survey, this study focuses on the target group of young clinical doctors. After raising hypotheses on the basis of relevant literature, it comes to the interviews and questionnaires on 339 young doctors of a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Shanghai. The final conclusions are made after the collecting, processing and analyzing of the statistics with the use of statistical software such as SPSS, EXCEL.The research investigates the condition of occupational stress and its main factors. The former is surveyed by the MBI-GS, while the latter finds its measurement by the scale for occupational stressors on clinician.The conclusions of the research are as follows:(1)The occupational stress of young clinical doctors is relatively high. The average scores of all the three dimensions of job burnout are higher than the median, among which the score of emotional exhaustion is the highest, the score of depersonalization in the middle and the score of diminished personal accomplishment is the lowest.(2)The level of occupational stress is different in the fields of gender, marital status, age, educational background and working years. The main evidence is the significant difference in the dimension of emotional exhaustion in the fields of gender, marital status, age, educational background and working years.(3)Among the eight factors, the means of social factor, reward factor, personal development factor, work load factor, doctor-patient relationship and organization factor are higher than media. The top three of mean are social factor, reward factor and personal development factor. The last three are organization factor, vocational interest factor and interpersonal relationship factor. Work load factor and doctor-patient relationship factor are in the middle.(4) Occupational stress factors of the young doctors present notable differences in four demographic variables:gender, marital status, age and working years. According to the statistical results, organization factor presents difference in gender, marital status, age and working years; reward factor presents difference in gender; vocational interest presents difference in marital status. Interpersonal relationship, doctor-patient relationship, work load, personal development don’t present notable differences in demographic variables.(5) By means of regression analysis, the findings on the relationship between the occupational stress of the young doctors and its factors are as follows:Emotional exhaustion is related to organization factor, reward factor, interpersonal relationship factor, vocational interest factor, doctor-patient relationship factor, work load factor and personal development factor. Dehumanization is related to reward factor, interpersonal relationship and social factor. Personal accomplishment is related to organization factor, reward factor, vocational interest factor, doctor-patient relationship factor, work load factor and personal development factor.更多还原