【作者】 张倩；

【导师】 张俊萍；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫是当代著名的俄裔美国作家。他出生在贵族家庭,拥有颇具传奇色彩的人生经历,是一位不折不扣的精英文学创作者。在创作上,其别具特色的语言风格和叙事艺术可以说在世界文学之林中独树一帜。纳博科夫的两部代表作——《绝望》与《洛丽塔》)均以独特的语言风格和叙事方式吸引了无数读者,也为其成为文学巨匠奠定了坚实的基础。在这两部作品中,纳博科夫是线索与细节的布局师,是变幻莫测叙事效果的最终设计者,他把读者一次又一次的引入事先设计好的棋局,使他们在阅读的过程中享受叙事技巧所带来的审美狂喜。近年来对于纳博科夫作品的研究,大多集中在小说的主题、后现代性、嘲讽式写作技巧以及侦探文学因素方面,对纳式小说叙事方法的系统化研究相对较少,对《绝望》与《洛丽塔》两部作品的叙事技巧的对比性研究则更少。本文从叙事学的角度切入,对两部作品的叙事者和叙事话语进行了系统化的分析,探究了纳博科夫小说的叙事特色和纳博科夫精湛的叙事技巧。全文共分为五章,第一章及第二章简要介绍了纳博科夫的生平经历及其文学成就,并简明阐述了全文论述中所采用的相关的叙事学理论。文献综述部分还梳理了近年来国内外纳博科夫研究的现状。本文第三章分析了纳式小说中第一人称叙事者的特点和叙事功能,探讨了不可信叙事者在两部小说中的应用与体现,揭示了纳式小说叙事者独有的魅力和纳博科夫高超的叙事技巧。第四章对《绝望》与《洛丽塔》两部小说的叙事话语进行了系统化的分析。其一,纳博科夫没有把小说演绎成单纯的“讲故事”,而是将读者融入到“讲故事”的过程中,采用了“如果...那么...”的叙述形式,使文本充满了无限的可能性,同时为读者留下了重要的线索,令读者主动参与到文本中追究事实和真相,并在发现线索与探索事实的过程中体味阅读的愉悦。在此过程中,纳博科夫也对他的读者提出了很高的要求。其二,纳博科夫通过自白式和象征性的预示,一步步推进故事的发展,也使读者跟紧作者的脚步,逐渐地揭开事实的真相。其三,纳博科夫通过运用大量情态动词,刻意使文本蒙上了一层朦胧的面纱,使文本充满了种种“可能性”,令读者的探索充满了趣味性。最后,纳博科夫在其作品中采用以细节为中心代替情节(亚里士多德认为故事的中心是情节)的边缘中心互换的叙事手法,使读者由单纯的“听故事”变为对故事中事实真相的解迷与探索,从而让文本更具审美性,强化了读者是解读文本的“参与者”的理念。第五章是全文的结论部分,概括了本文所做的分析。在《绝望》与《洛丽塔》两部小说中,作者以探索性情节为支撑,以变幻莫测的叙事技巧为跳板,表现出他精确的描绘和布局细节的能力,使读者时常能享受捕捉到线索后的惊喜。这两部作品称得上是充满纳博科夫式“奥妙的巫术和欺骗的游戏”。纳博科夫独特的叙事手法,既丰富了文学叙事技巧,又革新了传统的叙事技巧,突破了传统的叙事结构,使叙事技巧本身上升为一种主题。其作品已成为一种充分展现叙事技巧的狂欢。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vladimir Nabokov is a famous contemporary Russian-born American writer. In his literary achievement, great contributions to the creative narrative strategy could never be ignored. Literary works Despair and Lolita attract many readers for their unique narrative style. In the literature review, the status of Nabokovian studies focused on the theme, the post-modern and mocking writing style is reviewed. Systematic narrative study is less probed into and fewer comparative narrative studies are done. In this paper, narrative theories will be applied to present the systematic analysis of the two novels and further demonstrate Nabokov’s excellent narrative strategy.The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter generally introduces the writer’s life and literary works. The second chapter brings in the theory of narratology. Chapter three analyzes the narrative features of first-person narration to probe into the unreliable narrator in Despair and Lolita. In the fourth chapter, narrative discourse is systematically analyzed. First, the“if…then”structure is explored. Nabokov does not interpret the story as simple“storytelling”, and the readers are involved in“storytelling”. With this structure, Nabokov gives his readers crucial clues to let them step deep into the hearts of narrators and uncover the truth. And during this process Nabokov places a very high demand on the readers. Second, by confessional and symbolic foreshadowing, the story is developed and the readers are led to follow closely the author’s footsteps. Third, by modal verbs, Nabokov deliberately casts a hazy veil on the text and makes the text filled with possibilities. Finally, Nabokov conducts displaced center of narration. Plot is well-acknowledged as the center of narration, however, Nabokov places details as clues in the center. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the thesis.In view of Despair and Lolita, Nabokov states the exploratory nature of the story which strengthens the participation of the reader. Simultaneously, various narrative techniques are applied to attract the readers to actively join in the fact-finding process. Nabokov’s narrative skill enriches the application of narrative strategy, and his works are typical representatives of literary carnivalization.更多还原