【作者】 曹伟；

【导师】 陈先初；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在中华民国立宪史上,孙科是一位身份复杂而又具有重要地位的政治人物。他一生都在为实现中国立宪而奔走奋斗,积极活跃在二十世纪上半叶的政治舞台上,为中华民国的宪政化殚精竭虑。孙科是南京国民政府时期的政治活动家,担任立法院长达十六年之久,是南京国民政府法制化进程的重要推动者之一。他从实践和理论两方面为南京国民政府的立宪事业做出了重要贡献。本文介绍了孙科的生活经历,以及孙中山的三民主义理论和美国宪政思想对他立宪思想的影响,梳理了其立宪思想的理论渊源。本文详细论述了孙科的宪法思想。认为制定以三民主义为理论基础的宪法是孙科一贯坚持的立宪原则,并在其宪法思想中详细阐释三民主义五权宪法中涉及到的六个主要问题,这六个主要问题分别是国体、国民大会、中央政府组织、中央与地方均权制、地方自治、人权利保障。除了强调完善一系列国家机构的重要作用,他还极为重视地方自治的作用,认为确立地方自治是立宪成功的关键所在。由于二十世纪三四十年代的中国处在日本长期侵略威胁之下,缺乏立宪所需要的和平环境,面对动荡不安的国情对立宪所造成的困境,在训政时期如何依照三民主义五权宪法的框架来制定宪法,孙科认为制定的三民主义宪法应是能确立起中国宪政制度的,适合中国基本国情的宪法。本文还阐述了孙科的政党思想。他的政党思想主要包括三大问题,即国民党在训政与宪政时期的地位和宪政实施与多党政治以及宪政时期的民主竞选三个问题。他主张在宪政制度建立之后,国家实行多党政治,国民党放弃训政时期的一党专政,和其他政党进行平等的民主竞选。在本文的结语部分,对孙科立宪思想中的国家主义和功利主义倾向进行了分析,还提出了他的立宪思想对当代中国之启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the constitutional history of the Republic of China, Sun-ke is a complex and important political figure. He took an active part in the struggling for the realization of the constitutional society in China, and devoting all his life in realizing his dream. Sun-ke was the Nanjing National Government’s political activist, who served as the Chairman of Legislative Yuan for more than 16 years, through which time he promoted the legal process of the Nanjing National Government, thus he made great contributions to the constitutional cause of Nanjing National Government in both practical and theoretic ways.This article describes the Sun-ke’s life experiences, as well as Sun Yat-sen’s theory of the Three Principles and the influence from American constitutional thought, which is the base of his theory.The text illustrates Sun-ke’s constitutional thought in detail. It holds the idea that the theoretical basis to Three Principles of the Constitution is consistent with Sun-ke’s constitutional thoughts which was interpreted thoroughly in his constitutional thought in the Constitution Three Principles of the right involved in five of the six major issues. These six main issues are the state system, the National Assembly, the central government organizations, both central and local power system, local self-government, human rights protection. In addition to perfecting a series of national institutions, Sun-ke also attached great importance to the role of local self-government emphasizing that the establishment of local self-government is the constitutional key to success. As in the 1930s, China is under the long-term threat of the aggression of Japan, lacking of a peaceful environment to establish suitable constitution. Faced with all kinds of difficulties, Sun-ke strongly believed in that the Three People’s Principles is the right framework of constitution at that time, which should be able to establish the constitutional system in China.This article also describes Sun-ke’s political thinking. His ideas on political parties include three major points, namely the constitutional status of the Kuomintang’s government in the period of political tutelage and constitutional implementation together with multi-party policy and constitutional democracy during the election. He advocated the establishment of the constitutional system, the national implementation of multi-party politics, the Kuomintang’s government to give up despotism during the one-party dictatorship, and other political parties on an equal footing of democratic contests.The conclusion part of this article analyses the thought of nationalism and utilitarian tendencies in Sun-ke’s constitutional thoughts; meanwhile it also presents that Sun-ke’s thinking on contemporary constitutional enlightened the constitutional development of China.更多还原