【作者】 王贺；

【导师】 孙玉红；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 进入20世纪,随着全球经济的发展,经济全球化和区域经济一体化成为世界经济发展的两大显著特征,其中,区域经济一体化的发展更为迅猛。1990年以前,世界上所有进入实施阶段的FTA数目不过27项。截止2011年3月,通报WTO并已经实施的FTA为137个。作为世界第二大经济体、第二贸易大国和最大的发展中国家,中国在积极参与以WTO为主体的全球多边贸易体系的同时,也逐步重视区域或地区双边或多边体系的作用,大大加快了区域经济一体化脚步。截至2011年7月,中国已与五大洲的28个国家和地区建立了16个自由贸易区。中国与澳大利亚自由贸易区的谈判既具有重要的战略性,又具有复杂性。一方面澳大利亚在亚太地缘政治、外交以及资源和经济方面的特殊地位,与中国有明显的互补性,建立自由贸易区有助于缓解中国经济的快速发展与能源、原材料等资源不足的矛盾。自1972年两国建交以来,双边经贸关系长期稳定。2010年中澳双边贸易额为880.92亿美元,同比增长46.5%,在中国对外贸易中所占的比重达到2.96%,其中,中国对澳大利亚出口272.26亿美元,同比增长31.9%,占中国出口总额的1.73%；中国自澳大利亚进口608.66亿美元,同比增长54.1%,占中国进口总额的4.36%。到2010年,澳大利亚已经成为中国第七大贸易伙伴、第十四大出口市场和第六大进口来源地,与此同时,中国成为澳大利亚第一大贸易伙伴、第一大进口来源地和第一大出口市场。另一方面,澳大利亚属于西方发达国家成员,希望从自由贸易区谈判中获得更多的市场准入机会,同时,对国内的农产品市场实行严格的进口质量安全标准,对纺织品等产业采取高关税手段进行保护。这些都成为中澳自由贸易区谈判的焦点问题。2005年4月18日两国在北京签署了《中国与澳大利亚自由贸易协定谈判启动谅解备忘录》,2011年7月5日,双边自由贸易协定谈判已经进行了十六轮。本文运用大量最新数据不仅介绍了中国和澳大利亚的贸易现状,还介绍了各自的投资现状,分析了中国和澳大利亚各自的对外贸易市场结构和商品结构,并做了比较；其次,详细分析了中国和澳大利亚双边经贸现状,并结合贸易强度指数、贸易竞争力指数和RCA指数,分析两国自由贸易区建立的必要性,最后,对中国和澳大利亚自由贸易区的经济效应进行了分析,在此基础上,对我国发展中澳经贸关系和建立双边自由贸易区提出政策建议。本文的主要结论：一、中国和澳大利亚对外贸易市场结构呈现出集中性和相似性特点,都主要集中在日本、韩国、欧盟和美国；二、中国和澳大利亚双边贸易增长迅速且互补优势明显,中国向澳大利亚出口最主要的是电子产品及器材、机械设备和家具纺织产品等工业制成品,澳大利亚向中国出口最主要的是矿产品、贱金属和原料等初级产品；三、与澳大利亚对中国出口相比,中国对澳大利亚的出口强度指数偏低,出口能力偏弱,中国贸易逆差不断扩大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Enter the twentieth Century, with the development of global economy, the economic globalization and regional economic integration have become two big marked characteristics of world economic development, of which, the integration of regional economy is developing more rapidly. From 1948 to 1994,GATT received the number in connection with the goods trade agreement was 124,from 1995 to 2005,WTO acceptance the number of the regional trade agreements was 206, as the rapidest growth period of regional trade agreement. According to statistics, at present, the world has more than 1200 free trade area, of which 15 developed countries have established 425,67 developing countries have set up 775.As the second largest economy, second country in trade and the largest developing country, China is actively involved in WTO as the main body of the global multilateral trade system at the same time, more attention has been paid to regions or areas of bilateral or multilateral system greatly accelerated the pace of regional economic integration. As of 2011 July, China has established 16 free trade areas with 28 countries and regions in five continents.There have important strategic and complexity between China and Australia negotiations on the free trade area. On the one hand, Australia has special status in the Asia-Pacific geopolitical, diplomacy and resources and economic aspects, and has apparent complementary with China. The establishment of a free trade area helps to alleviate the contradiction between rapid development of Chinese economy and the sources of energy, raw materials and other resources. Since 1972 the establishment of diplomatic, the bilateral economic and trade relations is stability in the long-term. In 2010, the bilateral trade amounted to 88092 million dollars, an increase of 46.5%, reached 2.96% in the proportion in China’s foreign trade, of which, China exported 27226 million dollars to Australia, an increase of 31.9%, accounting for 1.73% of China’s total export value; China imported of 60866 million dollars from Australia, an increase of 54.1%, accounting for 4.36% of China’s total imports. By 2010, Australia had become the seventh largest trading partner of China, the fourteenth largest export market and sixth largest source of imports, at the same time, China has become Australia’s largest trading partner, the first largest source of imports and the largest export market. On the other hand, as the western developed country, Australia wants to gain more access to the market from the FTA negotiations, at the same time, Australia takes the strict quality safety standards to domestic agricultural products, high tariffs to the import of textile industry. These become the focus on free trade area negotiation. In April 18 2005, the two countries signed" The commencement of negotiation of a free trade agreement between China and Australia" in Beijing, July 5 2011, bilateral free trade agreement negotiations has been carried out in the sixteen round.This paper using a large amount of new data, not only introduced the Chinese and Australian trade current situation, but also respectively introduced their investment current situation, analyzed China and Australia’s foreign trade market structure and product structure, and made a comparison. Secondly, detailed analyzed the Chinese and Australian bilateral economic and trade situation, combined with the trade intensity index and trade competitiveness index, in-depth excavation of bilateral trade potential, finally, analyzed the effect of Chinese and Australian free trade area. On this foundation, gave policy recommendations to the development of China-Australia economic and trade relations and the establishment of bilateral free trade area.The main conclusions are:one, Chinese and Australian foreign trade market structure shows a concentration and similarity features, both concentrated in Japan, Korea, the European Union and the United States; two, bilateral trade grew rapidly and complementary, China mainly exports electronic products and equipment, machinery and equipment,the furniture and textile products and other industrial products, Australian mainly exports mineral products, base metals and raw materials and other primary products; three, compared with Australia exports to China, China’s export strength index on the low side, export capacity is weak, and China’s trade deficit is increasing.更多还原