【作者】 王丽；

【导师】 党伟；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 从WTO历来的实践中,我们可以看出它在进口限制措施与出口限制措施方面的规定严重的不对称。其经济哲学是建立在重商主义基础之上,出口是好的,而进口却使得金银外流。阻碍自由贸易的方式是进口限制,20世纪的贸易争端主要也是围绕进口限制措施而来,没有预计到随着经济全球化进程的加深,因自然资源的出口限制产生的摩擦日益增多,对出口限制的法律条款的解读就变得尤为重要。中国出口措施行之有效并且符合WTO规则的规定,不仅对自然环境的保护有着重要意义,而且对本国经济的健康可持续发展有着深远的意义。美欧等国家对中国九种自然资源出口采取限制性措施提起诉讼,并成立专家小组。中国声称采取的出口限制措施旨在保护环境,但并未得到一向重视环保的美欧等国家的支持,本案发生的实质原因是各国或地区对自然资源的争夺。在经济全球化的背景下,中国能否采用经济主权原则主张一国对本国自然资源享有永久的主权。由于中国加入WTO,让渡了部分经济主权,使得中国在出口方面采取的措施必须要满足WTO规则,除非能够援引GATT第20条(g)款。该条款是WTO的一般例外条款,允许成员国为了保护可用竭的自然资源采取限制性措施。由于能源产品大部分属于可用竭的自然资源,该条款也成为各国保障本国能源安全最有利的法律依据。能否成功援引该条款是中国在本案中胜诉的关键。在WTO体制下采用怎样的策略管理自然资源,中国不能只控制出口环节,更应侧重国内生产、消费环节的管理,提高生产集中度,开征资源税,增加资源储备,并且修改订正《对外贸易法》,使之符合WTO规则,同时也要选择正确的贸易争端解决模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the past practice of WTO,we can see it serious asymmetry in the restrictions on import and export restrictions. The economic philosophy is built on the basis of mercantilism.Exports are good, while imports have made of gold and silver outflow. The way to hinder free trade is import restrictions, Trade disputes in the twentieth Century are mainly related to import restrictions. People did not realize the increasing disputes in the export restrictions of natural resources along with the deepening of economic globalization,thus legal interpretation of export restrictions becomes particularly important.The implementation of effective solutions in line with the WTO rules makes not only important significance in the protection of the natural environment, but also far-reaching significance in the sustainable development of economic.Countries such as the US and Europe take a legal action to China’s nine kinds of natural resources export restrictive measures, and experts group was established. China claims that these measures are to protect the environment, but it doesn’t get the support from US and Europ etc.which pay more attention to protect the enviroment. The essence of this case is that other countries or regions compete for natural resources. Whether China can adopt economic sovereignty rules to claim a country has permanent sovereignty of natural resources in the background of economic globalization. Due to China’s entry into the WTO,tranferring part economic sovereignty, export measures taken must follow WTO rules, unless quoting GATT twentieth (g) item which is WTO general exception item, allowing members of WTO to adopt restrictive measures for protecting the limited natural resources. Because most of energy products belong to exhausted natural resources, various countries take advantage of this clause to protect domestic energy security Whether China quote this term successfully in this case is the key of winning. what strategy can be adopted to manage natural resources in the WTO system.China couldn’t just control the export process,but emphasis on domestic production and consumption management,improving the concentration of production, levying resource tax, increasing resource reserves; amending《Foreign Trade law》to comply with WTO rules; choosing the right dispute settlement mode.更多还原