【作者】 张奇；

【导师】 郭连成；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪60年代初,世界主要发达国家的经济重心开始逐步调整,服务业占比逐渐提高,“服务型经济”的产业结构模式取代了“工业型经济”的传统发展方向。目前,从全球角度看,服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重已经达到60%以上,世界主要发达国家已经突破70%,即使是中低收入国家也达到了43%的平均水平。随着经济的发展和人们对生活质量追求的提高,现代服务业已开始成为服务业发展的新趋势,成为吸引劳动力就业的重要行业。20世纪80年代以来,中国大力推进经济体制的改革,并实行大规模的对外开放,所以经济增长的速度很快。伴随着人均国民生产总指的快速增长,工业现代化程度的迅速提高,现代服务业得到了进一步发展。但是,从经济结构上看中国还是一个发展中国家,20世纪80年代开始,才逐步由计划经济向市场经济转轨,经济发展模式还在不断完善之中。从总体上说,工业化程度还有待进一步提高,农业人口比重的下降还需要城市化建设的推动,现代服务业发展依然任重而道远。目前,中国现代服务业发展还处于起步阶段,发展比较滞后,在一定程度上现代服务业的发展已成为制约经济发展的“瓶颈”。因此,借鉴发达国家的先进经验,结合本国实际,努力突破现有环境条件的制约,大力推进现代服务业的发展己成为中国经济和社会发展中一个亟待解决的问题。欧洲是近代产业革命的发祥地,以欧盟为代表的区域经济产业结构成长度居世界领先地位,当今欧盟服务业发展迅速,部分行业高度发达。从经济规模来看,欧盟占有世界国民总产出的30%左右。统计数据表明,欧盟经济结构不断升级,经济快速发展,已经成为列于美国之后的世界第二大经济体。近几十年来,欧洲一体化进程效益明显,被认为是世界经济全球化的一面镜子,一体化更是促进欧盟内部成员国经济发展的有效推动力。在其一体化进程中,欧盟的现代服务业得到快速发展,成为世界现代服务业进步的领头军,对于世界各国都具有重要的借鉴意义。对于迈进WTO不久的中国来说,了解欧盟现代服务业发展历程,借鉴其现代服务业发展成功经验,思考其现代服务业发展的问题,以结合我国实际国情,增强我国现代服务业综合竞争力是十分必要的。本文一共分六个部分。本文第1部分主要介绍了研究的背景和意义,并综述了现代服务业的国内外研究情况。介绍了本文的研究思路与结构安排,并指出本文的创新与不足之处。第2部分对现代服务业概念、特征和相关理论进行阐述,为下文的论证提供了理论基础。第3部分主要是分析金融危机前欧盟现代服务业的发展状况,并以信息通信和金融业为例分析主要行业的发展,在此基础上总结了欧盟现代服务业的优势及问题。第4部分介绍了欧盟各国服务业对外贸易状况,主要侧重于金融危机前现代服务业黄金发展时期的研究。第5部分主要是总结并提出欧盟现代服务业发展对中国的启示。首先,介绍了中国的现代服务业发展。其次,结合欧盟服务业发展过程中的经验及问题,分别从政府宏观政策及微观行业运营上提出借鉴意见。第6部分是本文的结论,总结了本文中的主要内容及观点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The early 1960s, the major developed economies in the world began to shift the economic focus to service industry, industry structure showing a general trend of transformation from "industrial economy" to "service-based economy". Currently, the proportion of the service added value in GDP of the world reached 60%, that of major developed countries, even in low-income countries reached 43% on average. With economic development and people’s high pursuit of improved quality of life, the modern service industry has started to become the new trend of development of service industry, as attracting more labor force.Since the 1980s, China has vigorously promote the reform of economic system, and carry on large-scale opening-up, result in fast economic growth, rapid growth in per capita gross national product, improved degree of industrial modernization, thus contributing to the development of modern service industry. However, China is a developing country, which was just beginning to change from a planned economy to market economy country. Generally speaking, our industrialization degree is not high, but agriculture still accounts for the most population, which all hindered the development of modern service industry. At present, modern service industry development in China is still at a preliminary stage. To some extent, modern service industry with a low degree development becomes the "bottleneck" to restricted economic development. Therefore, learning the advanced experience of developed countries, combining with their practical situation to break through the existing environmental conditions, vigorously promoting development of modern service industry, is a serious problem for China’s economic and social development.Europe is the birthplace of the modern industrial revolution, whose growth degree of industrial structure stores up to be world leaders and service sector is highly developed. From economies of scale, the EU share of world gross national output by about 30%. Statistics show that the EU has been the second largest economy in the world after U.S., because of its rapid growth and economic development. EU is not only of a high degree of economic and social modernization,but also of rich historical and cultural traditions. In recent decades, European integration process is not only a mirror of economic globalization, but also the effective driving force to promote economic development within EU members. In it integration process, EU’s development of modern service industry improves fast, so that it has been the leading military, whose experience has been an important reference for other countries. Specially for our country, just into the WTO, understanding the modern service industry development process of EU and learning successful experience is essential to enhance the comprehensive strength of our modern service industry.Chapter 1 includes introduces of research background and significance, overview of research, description of structure ideas and arrangements, innovation and weaknesses. Chapter 2 describes the theory providing a theoretical basis for the following argument. Chapter 3 is mainly analyze situation of EU’s modern service industry.On the basis, I summary advantages and problems of EU. Chapter 4 describes analysis of foreign trade in services in EU, also focusing on research about pre-crisis golden period of development of modern service industry. Chapter 5 is the summary of the development of EU modern service industry revealing China. In this part, I first introduced development situation of modern service industry in China. Then combing experience and problems of EU, this paper provides positive advices from the government’s macroeconomic policies and micro industries operation. Chapter 6 is the end of this article, which summarizes the main contents and the points of view of this article.更多还原