【作者】 李佳；

【导师】 梁东丽；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 陆地植被是具有建群植物的外貌相同且其生物生态学特性相似的植物群落。可分为针叶林、阔叶林、灌丛、荒漠和旱生灌丛、草原、草甸、草本沼泽等七个植被型。文章分别对秦皇岛市森林生态系统、农田生态系统、湿地生态系统的资源状况、效益进行了分析,通过对秦皇岛市森林、农田、湿地生态系统当前存在的问题进行深入研究发现:秦皇岛市森林生态系统存在着:森林分布不均、森林林龄结构不合理、群众环境意识较差,森警人力不足、管理不严,林地被占、生物资源减少、盲目造林,管护不够,保存率低、经费严重缺乏等问题;农田生态系统存在着:人均耕地少,耕地面积仍在减少、种植业绝大多数仍是传统的耕作方式、农村环境污染严重、农业生态环境日趋恶化等问题;湿地生态系统存在着盲目围垦、城市开发过程中造成湿地面积减少、湿地环境污染严重、湿地生物多样性下降等问题。目前,秦皇岛市政府将城市性质定为生态型、国际性、现代化、工业化、滨海港口旅游城市,根据城市性质需要,本文通过对秦皇岛森林生态系统、农田生态系统、湿地生态系统的碳汇估算,得出碳汇量分别为106.76万吨、45.24万吨、9.38万吨。因此,秦皇岛市森林生态系统的保护和发展是保持碳平衡主要因素。森林生态系统也是秦皇岛是最大的生态系统,与陆地其他生态系统相比,生物生产力最高,生态效应最强。为了实现上述目标,我们要继续扩大森林植被面积,提高森林质量,并要改善对森林生态系统的管理水平,增加陆地植被吸收CO2的能力。同时,还要积极采取一些措施减少CO2排放量,使秦皇岛市陆地植被生态系统碳汇功能发挥更大的作用。文章最后对秦皇岛市减少CO2的排放提出了对策措施,对森林生态系统、农田生态系统、湿地生态系统等的可持续发展提出了切实可行的对策措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Terrestrial vegetation are those with dominant species and the same appearance on its biological and ecological characteristics. They can be divided into seven vegetation types such as: coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, scrub, desert and xeric shrubland, grassland, meadows and marshes. The resources and benefit in forest ecosystem, farmland ecosystem, wetland ecological system of Qinhuangdao city were analyzed. The exsited problems in the forest, farmland, wetland ecological system were probedin-depth. In the forest ecosystem Qinhuangdao city , the uneven distribution of forest, forest age structure is not reasonable, the masses environmental consciousness is poor, forest police are shortage, management is weak, forest land was occupied, biological resources was reduced sharply, afforestation was blind, protection is not enough, forest save rate is lower and serious finance problems existed. There are also some problems in the farmland ecological system, such as the per capita arable land is samll, farmland area is still decrease, vast majority farming is still use conventional tillage, rural environment pollution is serious, agricultural ecological environment is exasperate . The problems in the wetland ecological system included exist blind reclamation, the decrease of wetland with city development process, serious environment pollution, biodiversity declines and so on.At present, The Qinhuangdao calssfied as an ecologicd, international, modern, industrialized, tourist port city by the government. According to the requirement of the city characteristics, this thesis was calculated and estimated the carbon sequestration in the forest ecosystem, farmland ecosystem and wetland ecosystem , and they are 1067 600tons, 452400tons, 93800tons in the forest, farmland and wetland system, respectively. Therefore, Qinhuangdao city forest ecosystem conservation and development is the key factors to maintain the carbon balance in the area. Forest ecosystem is the largest ecological system among all the other land ecological systems in Qinhuangdao. Comparing with the farmland ecosystem, biological productivity is higher and ecological effects is more efficent. In order to achieve the above goal, one should continue to expand the forest vegetation area, to improve the forest quality , toimprove the management level of forest ecological system, and to increase the CO2 absorption ability of terrestrial vegetation. At the same time, coutnmeasures should be taken to reduce CO2 emissions so that toplay an even greater role in land vegetation ecosystem carbon sequestration functionin Qinhuangdao city In addation, Q CO2 emissions reduction countermeasures and feasible countermeasures for sustainable development in forest ecosystem, farmland ecosystem and wetland ecological system in huangdao city were put forward in the thesis. This will lay a basic foundation for the carbon management in the city.更多还原