【作者】 朱冬梅；

【导师】 郑群；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 专门史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 中华民族在漫长的历史长河中创造了光辉灿烂的文化。数千年来,以传统经济为基础,以专制主义为纽带的古代藏书楼是中国古代图书馆的主要存在形式。中国的藏书历史源远流长,可以上溯至夏朝,至清末形成了独具中国特色的藏书制度。清朝末期,社会的各种弊端日益显露出来,社会阶级矛盾日益尖锐。又因为帝国主义的侵略,民族资本主义的发展,封建经济逐渐崩溃,中国一步步沦为半殖民地半封建社会。以封建经济为基础的古代藏书楼也逐渐走向衰落。1840年鸦片战争,外国侵略者的坚船利炮把中国推入半殖民地、半封建社会的深渊的同时也打破了中国与世界隔绝的状态。清末维新改良运动,敲响了延续几千年的中国封建藏书楼的丧钟,揭开了中国近代图书馆新的篇章,为中国近代图书馆事业的兴起开辟了道路。1904年,我国官办的第一所公共图书馆在湖南成立,我国的图书馆事业开始走上发展之路。20世纪初中国图书馆进入近代阶段。美国的图书馆则是从殖民地时期的私人图书馆发展起来的,19世纪中期就进入了近代图书馆发展的高潮。18世纪的会员图书馆是美国近代图书馆的前身。它奠定了美国公共图书馆事业的基础。美国政府的支持贯穿于图书馆事业发展的始终,另外富人和企业的捐赠也是推动美国图书馆发展的原因之一。随着美国经济的崛起,美国的图书馆事业也随之得到迅猛发展,到20世纪初美国已经成为世界图书馆活动的中心,开始引领世界图书馆事业的发展。本文从搜集中美两国近代图书馆创建及发展的资料入手,同时参考前人的研究成果,对两国近代的图书馆发展史进行了回顾,并分析总结了两国近代图书馆发展的不同特点,研究了其产生不同特点的背景原因,探讨了影响图书馆事业发展的相关因素,并展望了新的历史条件下我国图书馆事业的发展前景,肯定了图书馆在政治、经济文化建设中的重要地位。文章共分为四个部分：一、引言；二、中美近代图书馆发展特点的比较；三、分析中美近代图书馆发展不同特点的原因及背景；四、观点总结及对我国图书馆发展的启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese nation created splendid culture in the long history. For thousands of years, the ancient CangShuLou is a major form of the ancient Chinese library based on the traditional economic and linked by despotism. China has a long history, and book collection can be traced to the Xia dynasty, the unique Chinese characteristics collection system had been formed until the late Qing dynasty. At the end of the Qing dynasty, the social maladies increasingly exposed and the social class contradiction became increasingly sharp. Because of the imperialism invasion, the development of national capitalism, and the collapse of feudal economy, China were reduced to the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society step by step. Because the feudal economy was the basis of ancient CangShuLou, the ancient CangShuLou also gradually decline. The Opium War broke out in 1840, China had been pushed into the abyss of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society by the foreign invaders, and China had been also broken the isolated state. Reform movement in the late Qing dynasty tolled the bell for the last several thousand years of feudal CangShuLou of China, unveiled a new chapter in modern China, and opened up a new way for Chinese modern library. In 1904, the first public library of China established in Hunan, Chinese modern library began to grow. At the beginning of 20th centuries Chinese library entered into the modern stage.American library came from private library in colonial era; it entered into the high tide of modern library development from the middle of the nineteenth century. Members library of the 18th century are the predecessor of the modem library in the United States. It laid the foundation of the American public library. The supports of the U.S. government run through the library development, the donation of the rich and the enterprise is one of reason to promote library development. With the rise of the U.S. economy, the American library had rapid development, at the beginning of the twentieth century the United States had become a library activity center of the world, begun to lead the development of library cause of the world.This paper collected materials of building and development of the two countries in the modern library, and referred to the predecessor’s research achievements, reviewed the modern library history of the two countries and analyzed the different characteristics of modern library development between two countries, studied their different backgrounds and reasons of the characteristics, discussed the related factors which influenced the development of the library career, and looked into the future of Chinese library development prospects under the new historical conditions, confirmed the important position of the library in the political, economic and cultural construction.The article is divided into four parts: the first part, introduction; the second part, characteristics comparison of the modern library development; the third part, analysis on reasons and backgrounds of the characteristics of the modern library development; the forth part, conclusion and the enlightenment of the development of libraries in China更多还原