【作者】 郭军；

【导师】 陈前；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 中共党史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 知识分子问题是中国革命、建设和改革不可回避的重大理论和现实问题。政策和策略是党的生命,知识分子政策是党的执政战略的重要组成部分。建国以来,党的知识分子政策经历了曲折的发展历程。建国初期,党正确地执行了“团结、教育、改造”的方针,对旧社会走过来的知识分子采取了“包下来”的政策,增强了他们对新政权在心理上的认同,极大地调动了他们参与国家建设的积极性。然而,从五十年代后期开始,由于意识形态领域斗争的加剧,把知识分子逐渐从人民阵营中剥离出来,列为专政的对象,最终酿成了“文革”十年浩劫。十一届三中全会以后,在以邓小平为核心第二代中央领导集体的努力下,重新恢复了实事求是的思想路线,通过拨乱反正,党的知识分子政策也重新回到了正确的轨道。经过执政党尤其是党的中央领导人的不断努力,全社会形成了一种浓厚的“尊重知识,尊重人才”的社会氛围。十三届四中全会以来,党中央深刻洞察当今世界范围内知识经济的兴起,对知识分子问题给予前所未有的高度重视,适时提出了科教兴国战略和人才强国战略,开创了知识分子工作的新局面。总的来说,建国以来党的知识分子政策经历了由失误到调整、由调整滑向失误并最终经改革和调整而走向成熟的过程。这种双重轨迹的“交织”和“轮回”,同时也深刻揭示了中国社会主义建设事业的复杂性和艰巨性。共和国的发展史雄辩地证明:中国共产党要搞好社会主义建设和改革事业,必须有广大知识分子的参与和支持。因此,必须正确定位知识分子的阶级属性,树立科学的知识分子观;必须健全政策制定和执行的民主机制;必须为知识分子发挥作用营造良好的环境;要努力教育和引导知识分子走正确的成才道路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The intellectual issue is an inevitable big problem in Chinese revolution, construction and reform. The policy and strategy is the soul of the party. The intellectual policy is an important component of the party for his implication of policies. Ever since the foundation of our country, the intellectual policy of the party has gone through many ups and downs.At the beginning of the foundation of PRC, the party carried out the policy of‘unity, education, remolding’righteously, taking good care of the intellectual who were from the old society. Thus, their approbation of the new political power was strengthened, which greatly stimulated them to join in constructing our country. However, from the late 1950s, because of the fierce ideological fighting, the intellectual were separated from the common people. They were recognized as taking the dictatorship, which eventually resulted in the 10-year disastrous Cultural Revolution.After the third Plenary Session of the eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, with the effort of core leader Deng Xiaoping and central party members, the strategy based on reality was reused. With the policy designed to restore to order, the intellectual of the party were sent back to normal. The efforts made by the ruling party, especially the central leaders made society have an atmosphere of respecting knowledge and the talent.After the fourth Plenary Session of the thirteenth Central Committee of the CPC, the central communist party deeply realized the vitalization of knowledge economy in the world. They laid a greater emphasis on the intellectual issue than ever before. Gradually, developing a country with science and education and talent initiates a phase for the intellectual.In all, since the foundation of PRC the intellectual policy has gone through from mistake to adjustment, from adjustment to mistake and eventually become more and more mature from reform and adjustment. The 2-track interaction of the policy also profoundly indicates the complexity and difficulty of constructing Chinese socialism. The development of our country has strongly proved that the communist party of China can’t perform well without the support from the intellectual. Therefore, the class of the intellectual must be perfectly acknowledged and the attitude toward the intellectual must be scientific. The democratic mechanism must be fixed and implemented, which could make up a good environment for the intellectual development. Such education as to lead the intellectual on track should be carried out.更多还原