【作者】 张春燕；

【导师】 赵海山；

【作者基本信息】 河南师范大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 俄国著名的教育学家托尔斯泰曾经说过:“成功的教育所需要的不是强制,而是激发学生的积极性。”兴趣是激发学生学习的最重要的动力,学生的学习兴趣备受关注。长期以来,政治课的教学就是:教师课堂上的照本宣科,授课中学生强制听课,学生学到的知识只是一种简单的堆砌叠加,教师讲授的知识枯燥无味、缺乏与现实生活的紧密联系。所有的这些都与新课程理念背道而驰,学生普遍缺乏学习政治的兴趣。出现这样现象原因是多方面的:在教育观念上,还是以往的应试教育,学生成为一种考试的工具,分数还是老师、学生的“命根”;在教学方法上,陈旧、落后的教学方法,课堂上“填鸭式”教学,“满堂灌”,尤其是一些教师思想守旧,还守住他们以前的所谓的“经验”不放,进行大量的“题海战术”,死记做题的条条框框,致使绝大多数的学生无思考、无推理、无合作、无探究解决实际问题的能力;教学目的带有极强的功利性,学校所有一些事务的安排都是围绕着考试展开;教学的评价主体和评价方式过于单一化,学校终极目标是要高的升学率,依此来提高本校的知名度,学生学习的目的就是为取得高分,这一切都是造成学生学习政治兴趣锐减的主要原因。因此,激发学生学习政治兴趣成为第一要因。为此,本人通过对国内外兴趣研究的现状分析和探究,以建构主义的学习理论、人本主义学习理论、多元智能理论这三大理论为基础,结合本人在鹤壁培红中学实习过程中的教学实践,概述了兴趣的含义和应试教育的弊端,阐述了激发学习兴趣在思想政治课中的重要性。通过问卷调查和座谈等方式,从高中政治课学生认可度、课堂的主宰、学生之间的个体差异、知识本位的教学目标、知能脱节以及对学生的尊重度等方面高中思想政治课学习兴趣现状和存在的问题进行深入分析,从一位教育工作者角度,从以下几个方面:一是融洽师生关系。教学就是一种师生情感的双向交流,师生关系是否良好,直接影响到教学的效果;二是教学中要紧密联系实际。让理论和实际更好的结合起来,以提高学生解决实际问题的能力;三是巧设课堂导语。在进行课堂的导入时,充分利用让学生感兴趣的故事,俚语吸引学生的注意力;四是巧妙的设置教学中的疑问。通过问式,引起学生的注意与讨论;五是在丰富学生的第二课堂。创造条件,把社会当作实验室,让学生参与其中,更好地培养学生多方面的兴趣。同时,借助多媒体等先进的教学设备,利用幽默、音乐、漫画以及实验等一系列的教学手段,详尽阐述了如何培养学生的学习兴趣的一些切实可行的途径与方法,为高中思想政治课的教学提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Russian renowned educationist Tolstoi had said:“the success education needs not the compulsion, but stimulation of students’enthusiasm.”The interest stimulates the most important power which the student studies. Changes now in the class, student’s study interest receives the attention. Since long, political lesson’s teaching is: In the classroom, teachers are going by the book, the teaching middle-school student forces to attend a lecture, the student learns the knowledge is only one kind of simple stack superimposition, the knowledge which the teacher teaches dull, lacks of real life close contacting. Presents such phenomenon reasons are various: In education idea, the former shopping online, the student becomes one kind tool of the test, scores are“the lifeblood”of teachers and students; In teaching method, obsolete, backward teaching method, in classroom“force-feed type”teaching,“the full house fills”, particularly thought of some senior teachers are conservative, but also defended their before so-called“the experience”not to put, carried on“the sea of exams tactics”massively, memorized by rote the formula, the principle, memorized by rote presents the topic the rules.All these cause most of students who don’t have pondering, inference, cooperation, and non-inquisition solution actual problem ability certainly; The educative purpose has greatly strengthened utilitarian, all of business’ arrangement of the school revolve to take a test; The teaching appraisal main body and the appraisal way are too simplifies, the school ultimate objective wants the high proportion, in order to enhance this school according to the popularity, the goal which students study is to obtain the high score. All these cause students to study the political interest which sharply decline the primary cause. Therefore, stimulation of students’study the political interest becomes the first of wanting. Therefore, according to the domestic and foreign interest research’s present situation analysis and the inquisition, I take construction the principle the theory of learning, humanism theory of learning, multi-dimensional intelligent theory which are looked on my foundation, and unify myself cultivate teaching practice in Hebi Pei Hong middle school, have outlined the interest meaning and the shortcomings of examination-oriented education, elaborated the importances of the stimulation study interest in the political lessons. By the ways of questionnaire survey and discussion and so on, from students’approval about political lesson in the high school, controlling the classroom, students’individual difference, the knowledge standard’s teaching goal, the knowledge can come apart as well as revere aspect high school thought political lesson study interest present situations and the existence and so on specific weight question to the student carry on the thorough analysis, from an educator angle, from the following several aspects: First, harmonious teachers and students relations. The teaching is one kind of teachers and students emotion two-way exchange, the relations of teachers and students are whether good or bad, immediately influence teaching effect; Second, in the teaching must relate the reality closely. Let the theory and the reality have a better union, enhance the student to solve the actual problem ability actually; Third, supposing the classroom lead skillfully. When carrying on the classroom induction, the full use of interesting stories, the slangs attract students’attention; Fourth, establishment teaching question skillfully. By the type of asking, attract students’attention and the discussion; Fifth, make students’second classroom rich. Create the condition, think of the society as laboratory, lets students participate in which, raises student various interest well. At the same time, with the aid of dvanced teacher equipments, such as multimedia, the use of humor, music, the cartoon as well as the experiment and so on a series of teaching media, elaborated exhaustively how to raise students’study interest some practical and feasible ways and the method, provides the reference for the high school political lesson’s teaching.更多还原