【作者】 王健；

【导师】 李洪建；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 自然地理学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 榆太祁超采区面积为804km2。近年来由于地下水的超采,使得地下水位持续下降。导致地面沉降、水质恶化、泉水断流、水源地产水量衰减、机井吊泵报废等一系列环境地质问题。因此如何行之有效的优化榆太祁超采区用水结构势在必行。本文在研究区地质及水文地质基础资料的基础上,利用GIS数据处理技术与FEFLOW地下水数值模拟专业软件相结合,采用二维非稳定流数学模型对该地下水系统进行了数值模拟,对榆太祁超采区地下水动态进行了评价,为今后超采区地下水资源评价与管理提供了一种有效的分析方法,为区域水资源的优化配置提供基本依据。取得的主要成果有：(1)系统分析了地下水数值模拟的国内外研究现状、主要的数值方法及国内外主要应用的模拟软件,详细了解了Feflow软件系统的计算原理和应用。(2)在分析太谷均衡实验站1954-2007年共54年降水量特征的基础上,用灰色模型对2010-2020年的降水量进行了预测。对井灌区农业开采量与降水量关系进行了研究,选取2006年为基准年,用其他年份的开采量和降水量分别与2006年的相比,将比值利用spss17.0进行线性回归分析,根据回归方程式即可计算相应的农业灌溉开采量。(3)在调查和分析相关资料的基础上,概括总结研究区的自然地理、地质和水文地质条件。根据地质剖面和钻孔资料,建立了榆太祁超采区二维水文地质概念模型和数学模型。并利用FEFLOW地下水有限元数值模拟软件建立了相应的数值模型,通过对模型进行多次调参、运行、识别,结果表明模型基本达到了对水文地质体的仿真。(4)在现状开采条件、提高用水利用率条件和提高用水利用率前提下,用节余地表水置换地下水条件三种预案下,分别预报近期和远期地下水动态过程及地下水开采状况。利用地下水动态预报结果表明：到2020年,现状开采条件下地下水水位呈持续下降状态。提高用水利用率前提下,用节余地表水置换地下水是针对研究区超采现象严重,为缓解榆太祁超采区用水矛盾,提出的能够容易实施的可开采建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The area of the study regions, including Yuci, Taigu and Qixian in Shanxi province, is about 804km2. Recently, due to over-exploitation of groundwater in these areas, the water table has been declining continuously, along with a series of environmental geological problems such as land subsidence, water quality deterioration, drying up springs, water source supply attenuation, and scraping hanging pump wells. Therefore, it’s high time we took some measures effectively to optimize the framework of water utilization in these districts. Based on the geological and hydrogeological data of these areas, we combined the GIS data processing technology with specialized software of FEFLOW groundwater numerical simulation, as well as two-dimensional mathematical unsteady flow model, to simulate the number of the groundwater system, and to evaluate the trend of the groundwater in these studied over-exploitation areas. Thus, this will provide an effective method for future groundwater resources assessment and management of the over-exploitation areas and also provide fundamental basis for the optimal allocation of regional water resources. The Main achievements are listed as follows:(1) Systematically we analyzed the research development at home and abroad of the numerical simulation of groundwater, the main numerical methods and main simulation software employed, and had a detailed knowledge of the Feflow computing software system s calculating theory and application.(2) Based on the analysis of annual precipitation characteristics in the past 54 years, from 1954 to 2007, at Taigu Balance experimental station, the study adopts the gray model to predict the precipitation from 2010 to 2020. Besides, the relationship between agricultural exploitation and precipitation in the irrigation area is studied. Here, the study compared the yield and precipitation of the reference year 2006 with that of other years, respectively, conducting the linear regression analysis of the ratio by spss17.0. At last, according to the regression equation, the corresponding agricultural irrigation exploitation could be calculated.(3) Based on the investigation and analysis of relevant data, we summarized the study areas natural geographic conditions, geological conditions, and hydrogeological conditions. According to the geological profile and borehole data, we established the two-dimensional hydrogeologic and mathematical models of these over-exploitation areas, and established the corresponding numerical model by FEFLOW groundwater finite element numerical simulation software. By adjusting parameters of the model number, operation, and identification, we found that the model esssentially simulated well with that of the hydrogeological body.(4) In conditions of current mining Status, improving water utilization efficiency, and replacing groundwater with surface water savings, respectively, we predict the groundwater dynamic process and groundwater exploitation status in both the short term and the long term. The results of the groundwater dynamic forecast showed that, by 2020, the groundwater level will continue to decline under the condition of the current mining Status.Under the premise of improving water utilization efficiency, and in terms of easily implemented, we proposed to replace groundwater with savings of surface water as for the serious over-exploitation areas, as well as to alleviate the contradictions of the water utility in the over-exploitation YuCi and TaiGu areas.更多还原