【作者】 刘磊；

【导师】 郑作亚；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 机载LIDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)是一种主动式对地观测系统,它是激光测距技术、计算机技术、动态差分GPS定位技术、高动态载体姿态测定技术迅速发展的集中体现,具有控制测量依赖性少、受天气影响小、自动化程度高、成图周期短等特点,可能为测绘行业带来一场新的技术革命(刘经南,2002)。由于LIDAR系统在快速三维信息获取、森林精准计测、城市三维建模等方面具有巨大优势。欧美发达国家已相继研制出多种型号机载LIDAR,但国内研究起步较晚,距国际水平还有很大差距。因此,迫切需要突破相关关键技术,研制具有自主知识产权的高精度机载LIDAR系统。本文从组成机载LIDAR系统不同部件的误差产生机制出发,主要讨论了机载LIDAR系统的误差及检校方法,具体内容如下：1.详细讨论了机载激光雷达测量系统的各种误差源,包括测距误差、测角误差、GPS定位误差、姿态测量误差、系统集成误差等,并详细推导了各项误差模型,定量分析了各项误差对激光脚点坐标的影响。由分析结论可知进行误差检校的必要性。2.针对激光扫描仪自身的测角、测距误差分别提出了相对静态检校法、绝对静态检校法进行检校,建立了测角、测距误差的改正模型。通过试验验证了这两种方法的可行性,并给出了精度评价。3.针对机载LIDAR系统存在的安置角误差,本文提出了利用地面控制点反求系统安置角的方法,根据最小二乘原理推导了求解系统安置角的几何模型。通过试验验证了该方法的可行性,并给出了精度评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 The airborne LIDAR measurement system is an active remote sensing system. It is concentrated expression on rapid development of laser ranging technology, computer technology, high precision dynamic GPS differential positioning technology and high dynamic carrier posture determination technology. It has many characteristics that it has less dependence of control surveying, and is away from impact of the weather, and has a high degree automation, besides it has shorter mapping cycle and so on. It will bring a new technology revolution (Liu Jingnan,2002). Because of the airborne LIDAR measurement system has tremendous advantages in the 3d information acquisition, forest precised measurement, fast response emergency, the city of 3d modeling, European and North American countries have developed in succession a variety of models of airbone Lidar. However, domestic research in this area still lags behind. As a result, it is in urgent need to make breakthrough in core technique and to develop high-accuracy onboard with proprietary intellectual property rights.This paper mainly studies the error and calibration methods of the airborne LIDAR measurement system based on its error generation mechanism, the specific content as follows:1. This paper discuss error source of the airborne LIDAR measurement system in detailed, including range error, angle error, GPS kinematic positioning error, INS posture error and system integration error. It elaborates error models, and analyze the influence of error to laser feet point. Error calibration is necessary based on conclusion.2. For angle and range error of laser scanner, this paper puts forward relatively static calibration method and absolute static calibration method for the calibration respectively, established angle and range error correction model, and verify the feasibility of the two methods through experiments, and gives the accuracy evaluation at last.3. For angle of arrangement existed in airborne lidar system, this paper puts forward the method of resolving angle of arrangement using ground-based control point, and establish the geometric model of solving angle of arrangement according to the least square principle, and verify the feasibility of the method through experiments, and gives the accuracy evaluation at last.更多还原