【作者】 张楠；

【导师】 许自成；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 烟草学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究田间试验分别于2008～2009年在云南省烟草科学研究所试验基地进行,研究了烤烟亲本和F₁组合生物碱含量的遗传变异规律,初步预测了生物碱的杂种优势表现,并分别对烤烟生物碱含量与香味物质和感官质量进行了相关分析。主要研究结论如下:1、烤烟F₁组合及其亲本生物碱含量的描述统计分析结果表明:生物碱含量在亲本和F₁代之间存在广泛变异,且亲本的总植物碱、烟碱和降烟碱含量高于F₁代组合。总植物碱含量在F₁组合间为1.87%±0.69%,亲本间为2.02%±0.77%;烟碱含量在F₁组合间为1.66%±0.62%,亲本间为1.82%±0.74%;降烟碱含量在F₁组合间为0.07%±0.08%,亲本间为0.08%±0.04%;新烟碱含量在F₁组合间和亲本间均为0.01 %;去氢新烟碱含量在F₁组合间和亲本间均为0.10 %;麦斯明含量在F₁组合间和亲本间均为0.002%。2、对烤烟F₁组合与其亲本生物碱含量的差异显著性进行测验,结果表明:烤烟F₁组合与其亲本相比较,新烟碱和去氢新烟碱的含量均极显著高于低亲值,F₁组合各种生物碱含量均高于中亲值和低亲值,F₁组合总植物碱、降烟碱、去氢新烟碱和麦斯明的含量均低于其高亲值,而烟碱和新烟碱的含量则大于高亲值,但差异未达到显著水平。3、对烤烟生物碱含量的亲子关系进行分析表明总植物碱与双亲平均值和高亲值存在显著正相关;新烟碱与高亲值存在显著正相关,与亲本平均值和低亲值存在极显著正相关;去氢新烟碱与高值亲本、低值亲本和双亲平均值均存在极显著正相关。4、对杂种F₁代的优势表现进行分析,结果表明:降烟碱表现为较强的中亲优势,平均为24.18%,在14个烤烟组合中,有7个超过了中亲值,表现出正向中亲优势,优势平均为71.93%,超亲优势有6个表现为正向,占所有组合数的42.86%;总植物碱、去氢新烟碱和烟碱超过中亲值的组合均有6个,占所有组合数的42.86%,表现出正向杂种优势;降烟碱和新烟碱超亲优势均表现为正向,降烟碱正向超亲优势平均为7.77%,新烟碱正向超亲优势表现为29.79%;总植物碱、麦斯明、去氢新烟碱和烟碱多表现负向的超亲优势。5、对烤烟F1代和亲本生物碱与其他常规化学成分的相关关系进行分析,结果表明:F1组合中生物碱与其他常规化学成分的相关性较亲本有所加强,其中还原糖、总糖含量与总植物碱、烟碱、去氢新烟碱、新烟碱含量的相关均达到显著或极显著负相关,蛋白质含量与总植物碱、烟碱含量均呈极显著正相关,挥发碱含量与去氢新烟碱含量的正相关达到了显著水平。6、对烤烟F1代和亲本生物碱与香气物质的关系进行分析,结果表明:（1）样本生物碱含量适宜,新植二烯含量较高;（2）烤烟F1代和亲本生物碱与香气物质的简单相关分析表明F1组合与各香气物质的相关性较亲本有所加强,石油醚提取物、碱性香味物质和美拉德反应物与各种植物碱的正相关均达到显著或极显著水平;（3）在不同总植物碱含量水平下烤烟亲本及其F1组合烟叶主要香气物质含量的变化表明烤烟总植物碱含量与香气物质含量之间存在一定的内在联系。基于生物碱含量的高低,把供试烤烟亲本基因型划分为3大类群:在低总植物碱群中,总植物碱平均含量为16.84mg/g,芳香族氨基酸降解产物、类胡萝卜素降解产物和有机酸含量在该类群的平均含量均最高,分别为24.69μg/g、20.93μg/g、89.98mg/g;中总植物碱类群中,总植物碱平均含量为25.22mg/g,石油醚提取物（47.1mg/g）、多酚（46.04mg/g）、美拉德反应物（24.5μg/g）、新植二烯（816.25μg/g）和挥发性香气物质总量（882.55μg/g）在该类群的平均含量最高;高总植物碱类群中,总植物碱平均含量为38.3mg/g,碱性香味物质在该类群含量最高,为0.163μg/g。（4）把F1组合划分为3大类群:低总植物碱群中,总植物碱平均含量为11.8mg/g;中总植物碱类群中,总植物碱平均含量为18.41mg/g,多酚（41.67mg/ g）、新植二烯（637.78μg/ g）、挥发性香气物质总量（694.88μg/ g）在该类群中含量最高;高总植物碱类群中,总植物碱平均含量为28.42mg/g,石油醚提取物（53.18mg/g）、有机酸（98.51mg/g）、芳香族氨基酸降解产物（22.77μg/g）、类胡萝卜素降解产物（21.09μg/g）、美拉德反应物（23.67μg/g）和碱性香味物质（0.19μg/g）在该类群中含量最高。7、对烤烟F1代和亲本生物碱与感官质量的关系进行分析,结果表明:（1）烤烟亲本的感官质量整体表现为香气质中等,香气量尚足+,余味尚舒适+,杂气较轻,刺激性有,燃烧性中等,灰色灰白,劲头适中,浓度中等。F1组合中香气量、余味、杂气、燃烧性、灰色、得分、劲头、浓度的分数均高于亲本。（2）基于生物碱含量的高低,把供试烤烟亲本基因型划分为3大类群:香气质、香气量、余味、杂气、激性、燃烧性、灰色、得分表现为中总植物碱类群得分最高,劲头、浓度为高总植物碱类群得分最高;（3）基于生物碱含量的高低,把F1组合划分为3大类群:香气质、香气量、余味、杂气、刺激性、得分表现趋势为低总植物碱类群得分最高;劲头、浓度为高总植物碱类群得分最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Field experiments were conducted to study the genetic variation rules in the parents and F₁ combinations of flue-cured tobacco and heterosis performance of alkaloid content in Yunnan tobacco science research institute from 2007 to 2008. The correlations between aroma constituent, sensory quality and the alkaloid content were analyzed. The main conclusions were as follows:1. Descriptive statistics analysis was done for alkaloid content in the F₁ combinations and parents of flue-cured tobacco. There existed widely variation for alkaloid content between the F₁ combinations and parents, and the content of total plant alkaloid, nicotine and nornicotine in parents exceeded those in F₁ combinations. The content of total plant alkaloid for F₁ combinations was 1.87%±0.69% and 2.02%±0.77% for parents. The content of nicotine for F₁ combinations was 1.66%±0.62% and 1.82%±0.74% for parents. The content of nornicotine for F₁ combinations and parents were 0.07%±0.08% and 0.08%±0.04% respectively. The content of anatabine for F₁ combinations was 0.01 %, the same as parents. The content of anatasine was 0.10 % for both F₁ combinations and parents. The content of myosmine for F₁ combinations was 0.002%, the same as parents.2. The different significance for alkaloid content between the F₁ combinations and parents of flue-cured tobacco was tested. Comparing with the content of patents, the contents of anatasine and anatabine in F₁ combinations of flue-cured tobacco were highly significantly higher than low-parent value, and the content of various alkaloids was more than mid-parent value and low-parent value. The indexes of F₁ combinations including total plant alkaloid, nornicotine, anatabine and myosmine were lower than their high-value parent. The contents of nicotine and anatasine were higher than their high-parent value, but weren’t up to significant difference level.3. Correlation analysis between parents and offspring of alkaloid content in flue-cured tobacco showed that total plant alkaloid had significantly positive correlations with mid-parent value of two parents and high-parent value. Anatasine showed significantly positive correlation with high-parent value, and it had remarkably significantly positive correlations with their mid-parent value and low-parent value. There existed highly significantly positive correlations between anatabine with high-parent value, low-parent value and their mid-parent value.4. The heterosis of F₁ combination was analyzed and the result indicated that: 1) Nornicotine showed strongly heterosis over mid-parent, with the mean of 24.18%. Among 14 combinations, 7 combinations displayed positive heterosis over mid-parent, and it took up 71.93% of the total. There was 6 crosses showing positive heterosis over high-parent, with the proportion of 42.86%. 2) Total plant alkaloid, anatabine and nicotine performed positive heterosis over mid-parent and high-parent, and there was 6 combinations over mid-parent value accounted for 42.86%. 3) Nornicotine and anatasine both showed positive heterosis over high-parent, 7.77% was nornicotine deficiency and 29.79% was anatasine. 4) Total plant alkaloid, myosmine, anatabine and nicotine mostly performed negative heterosis over high-parent.5. The correlations between common chemical compounds and the alkaloid content in the parents and F₁ combinations were analyzed. The alkaloid content in F₁ combinations correlated with common chemical compounds better than the parents. Total plant alkaloid, nicotine, anatasine and anatabine were significantly or highly significantly negative correlations with reducing sugar and total sugar. The content of protein showed highly significantly positive correlations with total plant alkaloid and nicotine. Anatabine had positive correlations with up to significant level.6. The relationships between aroma constituent and the alkaloid content in the parents and F₁ combinations were analyzed. 1) The alkaloid content was suitable in samples with relatively higher neoplytadiene. 2) By simple correlation analysis, relativity of aroma constituent and the alkaloid content in F₁ combinations strengthened the parents. Various kinds of plant alkaloid had significantly or extremely significantly positively correlation with petroleum ether extract, products of maillard reaction and alkalinity aroma component. 3) Judging from the variation of major aroma constituent in the parents and F₁ combinations at different content level of total plant alkaloid, there was inherent connection between total plant alkaloid and aroma constituent. According to alkaloid content of the parents selected, genotypes were classified into 3 groups. In the group with lowest content of total plant alkaloid, the average content of total plant alkaloid was 16.84mg/g, however the contents of products of aromatic amino acid metabolism, products degraded by carotene and organic acid were highest （24.69μg/g, 20.93μg/g and 89.98mg/g respectively）. The average content of total plant alkaloid was 25.22mg/g in the group with lowest content of total plant alkaloid. The contents of petroleum ether extract, polyphenols, products of Maillard reaction, neoplytadiene and total content of volatile aroma matter were biggest in groups with medium content of total plant alkaloid, with the mean of 47.1mg/g, 46.04mg/g, 24.5μg/g, 816.25μg/g and 882.55μg/g respectively. In the group with highest content of total plant alkaloid, the average content of total plant alkaloid was 38.3 mg/g, consisting of the highest content of alkalinity aroma components （0.163μg/g）. 4) The F₁ combinations were all classified into 3 groups based on alkaloid content. In the group with lowest content of total plant alkaloid, the average content of total plant alkaloid was 11.8mg/g. The average content of total plant alkaloid was 18.41mg/g in the group with medium content of total plant alkaloid, however the contents of products of polyphenols, neoplytadiene and total content of volatile aroma matter were highest （41.67mg/g, 637.78μg/g and 694.88μg/g respectively）. In the group with highest content of total plant alkaloid, consisting of the average content of total plant alkaloid （38.3mg/g）, the contents of petroleum ether extract, organic acid, aromatic amino acid metabolism, products degraded by carotene, products of Maillard reaction and alkalinity aroma components were biggest in the group, with the mean of 53.18mg/g, 98.51mg/g, 22.77μg/g, 21.09μg/g, 23.67μg/g and 0.19μg/g respectively.7. The relationships between sensory quality and the alkaloid content in the parents and F₁ combinations were analyzed. 1) The sensory quality of the parents showed medium aroma quality, some rich aroma volume, some moderate remaining flavor, less offensive odor, faint irritation, combustibility, grey ash color, appropriate physiological strength and medium taste concentration. The scores of aroma volume, remaining flavor, offensive odor, combustibility, ash color, point, physiological strength and taste concentration in F₁ combinations were higher than in parents. 2) The parent genotypes studied were all classified into 3 groups based on alkaloid content. The group with medium content of total plant alkaloid had the highest score of aroma quality, aroma volume, remaining flavor, offensive odor, irritation, combustibility, ash color, and point. The scores of physiological strength and taste concentration were biggest in groups with highest content of total plant alkaloid. 3) Based on alkaloid content, the F₁ combinations were all classified into 3 groups. The group with lowest content of total plant alkaloid had the trend of highest score of aroma quality, aroma volume, remaining flavor, offensive odor, irritation and point. The scores of physiological strength and taste concentration were biggest in groups with highest content of total plant alkaloid.更多还原