【作者】 刘娜；

【导师】 高向阳；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 食品科学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 齿果酸模(Rumex dentatua),蓼科,酸模属,一年或多年生草本,别名牛舌草、土大黄,牛舌棵子、野菠菜等。主要分布在尼泊尔、印度、阿富汗、哈萨克斯坦及欧洲东南部等国家和地区。我国华北、西北、华东、华中等地区齿果酸模自然资源也极为丰富,是常见的食用野菜。但长期以来,该野菜资源的营养特性和食用价值没有受到应有的关注,人们没有对其进行较深入的研究和开发利用。本文以郑州市郊自然产齿果酸模为样品,以色谱、原子吸收等现代分析技术和国家颁布标准为依托,对其主要的营养成分进行分析测定及营养评价,为科学开发野菜资源提供重要的参考依据。研究内容如下:采用GB/T 5009.88-2008食品中膳食纤维的测定方法,对齿果酸模中的膳食纤维进行了分析测定。实验分别测定了齿果酸模中的总膳食纤维,不溶性膳食纤维和可溶性的膳食纤维的含量。测定结果分别为:TDF-总膳食纤维含量为48.1%,IDF-不溶性膳食纤维含量41.5%,SDF-可溶性膳食纤维含量20.4%。用毛细管气相色谱法对齿果酸模中脂肪酸进行了分析。用阴离子交换树酯(AmberlystA26)甲酯化法和甲醇-氢氧化钾甲酯化法进行比较,阴离子交换树酯(AmberlystA26)甲酯化法测得其脂肪酸含量更高,证明阴离子交换树酯(AmberlystA26)甲酯化法更适用于酯化游离脂肪酸。结果表明:齿果酸模叶子中9种脂肪酸总含量最高,可达4.337%,其次为茎的2.800%,根含量1.378%为最低。亚麻酸、亚油酸,棕榈酸是齿果酸模的主要脂肪酸。以6-氨基喹啉-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺基甲酸酯( AQC )为衍生试剂,以磷酸盐缓冲液为流动相A,乙腈-水溶液为流动相B进行梯度洗脱;在柱温37℃下用AccQ.Tag进行柱前衍生, RP-HPLC法用紫外检测器在波长248nm进行测定。结果表明:齿果酸模中含有17种氨基酸,干基总含量为252.35mg/g,有很好的食用开发前景。17种氨基酸线性回归方程的相关系数r在0.9995以上(n=5),测定的回收率为97.1%-102.6%,相对标准偏差RSD为0.3%-3.2%(n =3 ) ,测定结果令人满意。高效液相色谱法测定了齿果酸模中水溶性维生素和脂溶性维生素的含量,其中,维生素B1,维生素B2的流动相为甲醇:乙酸钠(0.05mol/L PH 4.5)=40:60;流速:1.0 ml/min;柱温:30℃;进样量:10μL.维生素B1激发波长:375nm,发射波长:435nm;VB2激发波长:462nm,发射波长:522nm。维生素C流动相:0.15%的草酸溶液;检测波长:245nm;柱温:25℃;流速:0.8ml/min;进样量10μl。结果表明:回收率均符合定量分析的要求,平均回收率依为:99.4%,98.5%,99.6%。本文建立的方法具有专属性、准确度、精密度及较好的耐用性,可作为齿果酸模中水溶性维生素的含量测定。用GB/T 5009.82-2003食品中维生素A和维生素E的测定中的第一法,高效液相色谱法对齿果酸模中的维生素A和维生素E进行了分析测定,结果表明:维生素A和E标准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999;相对标准偏差RSD﹤5%。维生素A和E的平均加标回收率分别为99.6%和100.2%。所建立的方法快速、简便、灵敏、准确,已成功地测定了齿果酸模中维生素A和E。用火焰原子吸收法对齿果酸模中Ca、Mg、Fe、K、Cu五种微量元素进行了测定,在一定程度上为齿果酸模的开发利用提供了依据。其结果表明,齿果酸模中微量元素K、Ca的含量较其他几种微量元素丰富,并有具体的数据为齿果酸模的开发利用提供了具体的数字支撑。用离子色谱法对齿果酸模中的有机酸种类及含量进行了分析测定,实验结果表明,齿果酸模中主要含有柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、草酸、苯甲酸。建立了齿果酸模中多种有机酸的离子色谱方法,对评价齿果酸模的营养和保健价值有一定的意义,并为齿果酸模的进一步开发提供可靠依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rumex dentatua, Polygonaceae,Rumex, A year or a perennial herb,another names are bugloss, Rumex japonicus,Wild spinach etc.. The plants are common edible wild vegetables, mainly distribute in the area of Nepal, India, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan , South-East of Europe. They also live in most area of China. For a long time, their nutrient feature and edible value were not concerned by people, neither further research and development. In this article, Rumex dentatua samples were collected from suburban of Zhengzhou, many advanced analysis technology like chromatography, AAS and professional papers were used or referenced to analyze the nutrient components and evaluate nutritional value of Rumex dentatua. The mainly purpose of the article is to provide reference for scientific development of Rumex dentatua resources.The main contents are as follows:Dietary fiber in Rumex dentatua was determined by the method of GB/T 5009.88-2008. In this experiment, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber were determined respectively. The result shows that the content of TDF-dietary fiber is 48.1%, IDF-dietary fiber is 41.5%, SDF-dietary fiber is 20.4%.In this article, fatty acids in Rumex dentatua were analyzed by GC method. Anion-exchange resin methyl Esterification and potassium hydroxid-methyl Esterification method were compared for better conditions. The result shows that the former received higher content. From the experiment, the content of fatty acids in leaves is 4.337%, the content of fatty acids in crown is 2.800%, the content of fatty acids in root is 1.378%. Linolenic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid are main fatty acids of Rumex dentatua.Amino acids in Rumex dentatua was determined by RP-HPLC method. AQC was selected as precolumn derivatization regent, gradient elution with mobile phase A -phosphate buffer, mobile phase B-acetonitrile-water was used in the experiment, all the process is under 37℃column temperature and 248nm detection wavelength. The result shows that there are 17 amino acids in Rumex dentatua and the content of amino acids in dry samples is 252.35mg/g. It can be concluded that Rumex dentatua is a better choice for further development. The experiment shows satisfying result with correlation coefficient higher than 0.9995(n=5), the recovery is between 97.1% -102.6%, R.S.D is 0.3%-3.2%(n =3 ).Water-soluble vitamin and fat-soluble vitamin were determined by RP-HPLC method. Vitamin B1 was determined with the mobile phase: methanol- sodium acetate (0.05mol/L PH 4.5)=40:60, 1.0 ml/min, 30℃, 10μL. Excitation wavelength is 375nm, emission wavelength is 435nm. In the condition of VB2, Excitation wavelength is 462nm, emission wavelength is 522nm. 0.15% Oxalic acid solution was used as mobile phase in VB2 analysis, with 245nm, 25℃, 0.8ml/min, 10μl. The result shows that the average recovery for VB1, VB2, VB3 is :99.4%,98.5%,99.6% respectively, which is according for the quantification. It can be concluded that the method is selective, accurate and durable for the determination of vitamin in Rumex dentatua.VA and VE in Rumex dentatua were analyzed by the HPLC method, which was adopted by the GB/T 5009.82-2003. the result shows that the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.999, RSD﹤5%. The spike recovery of VA and VE is 99.6% and 100.2% respectively. The conclusion is that the established method is fast, simple, sensitive, accurate, and has been used to determine VA and VE in Rumex dentatua successfully.Five trace elements in Rumex dentatua, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and copper were determined by AAS method, which provides reference for the development of Rumex dentatua in some extent. The results indicate that the content of potassium and calcium is higher than others, specific data was provided for the support of the development of Rumex dentatua.The IC method was selected to determine the quantification and number of organic acids. The result shows that citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid and benzoic acid is main organic acids in Rumex dentatua. The established IC method for analyzing several organic acids simultaneously is important for evaluating the value of nutrition and health care of Rumex dentatua, and supplies credible reference of further development of Rumex dentatua.更多还原