九寨沟景区人才发展战略研究

【作者】 刘芳；

【导师】 张剑渝；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 工商管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪,旅游已一跃而成为世界第一大产业,旅游业被公认为是永远的朝阳行业,受到各国政府的重视,并给予优先发展。大力发展旅游经济,是整个国际旅游业的总体发展趋势。处于中国西部的世界自然遗产地九寨沟景区,经过30年的强力发展,九寨沟景区品牌优势已在国内外同类景区中凸显。如今,九寨沟这一生态旅游品牌已成为四川乃至中国对外交流的一张黄金名片,其品牌的影响力、辐射力和带动力日益增强,当之无愧地成为四川旅游的核心品牌、中国旅游的黄金品牌。30年来,九寨沟景区品牌建设虽然走出了一条跨越式发展之路,但由于区域环境及人才集聚因素缺乏,人才培育的渐进性与品牌打造的快速性不匹配,使九寨沟人才队伍建设与景区品牌发展存在较大的差距。景区做优、人才先行,要进一步加快景区发展,重点在人,关键在人才。景区保护和发展的两大主题需要更多的人才.来实现和保障,现有的员工队伍需要整合完善、需要做精做优,只有这样,景区人才队伍才能有效构建并迸发出更强劲的驱动力,使九寨沟这一世界自然遗产地焕发出更加蓬勃的生机与活力。正是基于这样的考虑,便有了本文的选题。本文通过对九寨沟地区历史、地域、人文、民俗等方面的综合分析,客观全面地阐述了九寨沟景区当前员工队伍的来源、基本结构、队伍现状及取得的成绩,并根据国内、国际旅游业人才队伍发展现状及预测,找准景区的现实差距；提出了实现景区“国内一流、国际知名”发展要求及构建“国际旅游精品景区”的发展目标。本文的研究宗旨在强调：构建国际旅游精品景区的发展目标不是一句空话,它需要具备开阔的国际眼光、开明的开放意识、开放的用人政策来集聚和整合人才队伍,通过提高人才队伍建设这一核心竞争力来实现九寨沟景区的可持续发展、又好又快发展；因为在九寨沟奇绝天下的自然景观、众口皆碑的品牌形象,及数字化管理、零垃圾品牌的率先创立等基础上,景区管理者有责任、有义务把它保护得更好、管理得更好、经营得更好、发展得更好,创造世界自然遗产地管理的中国典范。本文笔者认为,由于体制机制的不同,中国和欧美等国在国家公园的管理模式上有很大的差异,研究旅游业人才队伍建设以及世界自然遗产地中国式管理模式没有普遍认同的现成范例,所以在当前九寨沟生态景观管理国内领先的现状上,景区要实现更好更大程度的多方位提升,只有靠自己不懈努力,最大限度地克服事业单位管理的人事归口模式下,景区用人的自主性不足等现实,把握好事业单位、企业管理的中间平衡度,创新方式,不拘一格选好人、用好人。以个性化精细化服务为标准促进基础员工队伍的素质提升、以专业化科研化需求为导向推进专业人才队伍建设、以国际化现代化为目标培育夯实外语营销等外向型人才队伍,在景区人才队伍的自主发展、自我管理基础上,创新方式促进外来高端人才的景区使用模式,在外来人才的使用中,提倡“不求所有,但求所用”的开放用人方式,使自有人才与外来人才相辅相成、相得益彰、互进互补,共同促进九寨沟在保护、科研、管理的全方位发展。本文在结构上共分五个章节,第一章阐述了国内外旅游发展概况,对全球旅游发展现状及趋势进行了分析,目的是将九寨沟景区未来发展战略置于国际国内旅游发展大趋势下进行决策。第二章从国内外旅游人才发展趋势等方面进行了分析,使景区旅游人才队伍发展既适应景区发展需要,更要顺应国际国内旅游人才发展的普遍化发展要求,使景区人才队伍的发展具备全面协调可持续的发展特性。第三章是九寨沟景区发展战略与人才需求分析,发展战略中将发展目标的时间段从三个层面进行了阐述。笔者结合四川灾后旅游恢复实际,以及我党建国百年战略发展目标中提出的发展要求,将景区发展战略目标界定在国家及四川宏观经济发展战略下进行分步实施,从景区发展战略的目标层面对人才需求的阶段性总量需求、质量要求、结构优化等方面进行了阐述。第四章从谋划长远,更要立足实际的角度出发,对九寨沟景区人才队伍现状进行了评估分析,既找准了差距,又分析了原因。第五章从抓好人才队伍建设,提出九寨沟人才发展战略思路,针对当前人才工作存在的差距及差距的成因设计解决问题的机制,提出解决问题的对策。从建立绩效管理体制等六个方面确保战略目标实现,从执行与控制层面予以更加完善的制度设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 21 century, tourism has become the world biggest industry, it is accepted as the eternal rising industry and all governments pay attention to tourism and give tourism priority for development. To rapidly develop tourism economy is the overall development trends of the whole international tourism. Located in the west of China, after 30 years’ effective development, the World Natural Heritage Jiuzhaigou National Park shows its brand advantage among other congeneric parks in China. Nowadays, Jiuzhaigou and its brand of eco-tourism has become the golden name card of Sichuan and even China’s international communication, as its influence power, radiating power and the drive force reinforce day by day, Jiuzhaigou fully deserves the core brand of Sichuan and the golden brand of China’s tourism. In the 30 years, the brand of Jiuzhaigou National Park has achieved a way of great-leap-forward development, but because of the regional environment and the lack of attracting talents factors, and the incrementality of talent cultivation not match well with the brand building’s rapidity, there’s still a gap between human resource construction and the park brand development. To optimize the park, the talent management goes in advance others, to further enhance the pace of park development, the key is the talents development. Park conservation and development, the two principal themes need more talented persons to achieve and ensure, the existing staff team needs to be integrated completely, needs to be greater and perfect, only in this way could the park talents team effectively constructed and burst out stronger driving force, which make this World National Heritage give better vigorous vigor and vitality. By analyzing the history, region, humanities and folklore, this article expounds the origin of existing park staff, the basic structure, the current situation and the achievements gained all sidely. Based on national and international tourism personnel development situation and forecast, capturing reality gap of the park; to propose the developing goal of achieving "top-grade in China and well known in the World" and "Competitive International Tourism Scenic Spot" is not a malarkey, it needs an open personnel policy with international vision and open consciousness to achieve a sustainable, sound and rapid scientific development by enhancing talents team development to promote the core competitiveness. Based on the high end foundation of unique natural landscape, good brand image reputation and the first creation of "Zero Waste", the present and future administrators have the responsibilities and obligations to make Jiuzhaigou a better conserved, managed, operated and developed world natural heritage model of China.Because of the system distinction, there’s a big management mode difference between China and the Occident, and there’re no widely recognized examples of research on tourism talents team construction and Chinese-style management mode of World Heritage Site, therefore, as the current situation that Jiuzhaigou’s ecological landscape becomes the front-runner of China, the only way to achieve a better and more diversified promotion for the park is by unremitting effort. Try the best to conquer the existing personnel mode as nonindependence of the park personnel employment, to grasp the balance between public institution and enterprise management, and create new mode to choose and employ the right person not stick to one pattern. To promote staff qualify by personalized and specific service, to enhance professionals team construction with professional and scientific direction, to train foreign language marketing team and other outward-looking talents team under the goal of internationalization and modernization, based on the independent development and self-management, to create new ways to promote mode of nonnative high-end talents employed by the park with an open personnel management way as "not strive for all, but asks to be", to achieve a mutual supplement and development between self-owned talents and introduced talents, to jointly advance Jiuzhaigou National Park conservation, scientific research and management develop in an all-round way.The essay has elaborated the main ideas with five chapters. Chapter I is explaining general tourism development situation and analyzing global tourism development state and trend, aiming at making a strategic decision of Jiuzhaigou National Park future development under the megatrend of domestic and international tourism development. Chapter II has analyzed the domestic and international tourism personnel development trend, and how to make the park tourism personnel development meet the park development requirements, and also adapt to the generalization, specialization, and professionalization requirements of domestic and international tourism personnel development, to make the park personnel develop with comprehensive coordinated sustainability in the domestic and international tourism industry. ChapterⅢis talking about the development strategy and personnel demand analysis of Jiuzhaigou National Park, Chapter V is working on putting forward park personnel development strategic concept, designing problem-solving mechanism for the current personnel development gaps and the causes of these gaps, and working out solutions for problems in personnel development. It also explains how to ensure the realization of strategic objectives from six aspects including improving income distribution system, and how to improve the mechanism design in implementation and control process.更多还原