【作者】 王彬；

【导师】 陶维东；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 民商法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 自上世纪90年代以来,房屋拆迁已经成为新的社会热点现象,房屋拆迁改造在城市化建设的过程中起到了重要作用,为改善居民的居住条件以及城市的总体规划,发挥了自己应有的功效。而房屋拆迁涉及到的公权与私权利益平衡问题,也在整个理论界引发了不少争论,由于在拆迁过程中公权的强势地位和私权保护的意识淡薄,如何规范公权以及保障私权,成了房屋拆迁相关法律亟需解决的问题。本文分为五个部分,分别从城市房屋拆迁概述、城市拆迁立法中公权与私权的冲突、城市房屋拆迁中公法与私法的利益平衡、新拆迁条例对公法和私法平衡的影响、中国房屋拆迁现状下的公权与私权冲突分析五个方面来探讨城市房屋拆迁过程中的公权与私权利益平衡问题,试图用研究和比较的方法来对房屋拆迁中的公私权平衡提出一个可行的解决方案。第一部分概述了我国的城市房屋拆迁的产生、性质、发展历史以及在拆迁过程中存在了哪些法律关系,对城市房屋拆迁的背景和产生做了一个阐明,并对城市房屋拆迁的历史分别从法律层面,权力变化层面作了分析,并结合我国的拆迁现状来叙述改革开放以来的城市拆迁历史变革。此外,通过对城市房屋拆迁涉及到的法律关系分析,可以看出我国的房屋拆迁还是以行政法律关系为主体的法律制度,也就是说,房屋拆迁实际上还是一个政府运用公权力对公民房屋所有权进行征收的一个行政行为的作出。通过对第一章的概述,我们将对整个城市房屋拆迁概念有一个大致的了解,并由此展开,进入到细致具体的对房屋拆迁的公权与私权冲突分析中去。第二部分从法律层面,特别是立法过程中城市房屋拆迁涉及到的公权与私权冲突来对房屋拆迁进行一个根源上的总结。通过对征收决定阶段、补偿安置阶段和强制拆迁阶段中的公私权冲突表现分析,我们可以看出,我们在拆迁立法上还是存在着大量的不足,无明确规范的法律依据,是导致拆迁过程中出现各种矛盾和纠纷的根源。拆迁中公权与私权的冲突,主要是因为公共利益的定位不明确,界限模糊,所以在此部分第二节中,对公共利益的概念,特征进行了详细的概括,将公共利益与商业利益区别开来,有助于政府在作出拆迁征收决定时能够本着现实紧迫的态度来对整个城市建设作总体规划。同时,虽然拆迁是政府行使公权力对公民的私有财产进行征收,但是不可避免的要受到私法的影响,尤其是物权法的颁布实施,给予普通公民以保护自己合法私有权益的武器。第三部分则更加详细对拆迁过程中的公权与私权冲突作了分析和提出解决方案,同时借鉴国外如何处理房屋拆迁中的公私权冲突,给我们的拆迁进程提出了一些意见。通过对房屋拆迁中公权和私权的划分,希望能够找出二者的冲突点,随着在第二节给予一些建议,例如,严格区分公益性拆迁和商业性拆迁,对房屋的补偿安置规范,以及建立公正的司法监督体系来保障拆迁的程序合乎法律要求等等。最后,对国外和香港地区的法律如何处理拆迁中的公权与私权平衡进行总结,希望给我们的拆迁立法起到一个抛砖引玉的作用。第四部分的内容主要是围绕2011年的《国有土地上房屋征收和补偿条例》来展开的,新拆迁条例在法律层面上对拆迁征收决定的异议救济,政府作为唯一的补偿主体,行政强制拆迁变为司法强制拆迁,禁止暴力拆迁等较旧拆迁条例作了更完善的改进,更有利于保护公民的合法私权。分三个章节,从新拆迁条例带来的变化,对公权和私权的影响以及尚未解决的公权与私权平衡问题作了总结和分析。应该讲新拆迁条例给我们带来的不仅仅是立法上的改进,也是一种信号,国家希望通过新拆迁条例的颁布,给混乱无序的拆迁建立社会和谐的新理念。第五部分将结合中国拆迁现状下的公权与私权冲突,对目前拆迁存在的热点现象,公私权的划分范围来促使整个社会对于拆迁的法制理念向私权保护转变。在热点现象中,将钉子户、城中村改造、越级信访等热点关注问题作了一个陈述,然后通过对公私权在立法、拆迁、补偿、救济阶段的界定,来分析公民的私权应该得到怎么样的保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 since the 1990s, the dismantlement has become a new hot social phenomenon, the dismantlement transformation in the process of urbanization plays an important role, to improve the living conditions of local residents and urban planning, played due effect. And the house dismantlement involves public rights and proprietary interests balance in the whole problem, also caused many theorists argue, because the demolition process in a strong position and public rights of privacy protection to regulate how weak, public rights to privacy and security dismantlement related laws, has become an urgent problem.The first part of this article summarizes the urban house dismantlement generation, properties, the development history and the demolition process exists on what legal relationship, the urban house dismantlement background and produce a clear, and the history of urban house dismantlement respectively from the legal aspect, power changes are analyzed, and the level of dismantlement with our current account since reform and opening to the city historic transformation. Demolished In addition, through to the urban house dismantlement involves legal relation analysis, can see our house dismantlement administrative legal relationship or the legal system for main body, i.e., the dismantlement actually or a government use of public power to citizen building droit imposed an administrative behavior made. Through the first chapter, we will give an overview of the urban house dismantlement concept has a roughly understanding, and began from, into the details of the dismantlement public rights and proprietary conflict.The second part of the legislation from legal levels, especially in the process of urban house dismantlement involves Public power to Privacy conflict with dismantlement a summary of the source. Through the compensation and resettlement requisition decision of the stage, the stage and the demolition stage private rights conflict performance summary, we can see, we the demolition legislation or insufficient, there is a lot of no specific normative legal basis, leading to the dismantlement appeared in the process of the root of conflicts and disputes. Demolition public rights and privacy in the conflict, mainly because the vague position of public interest, vague bounds, so in the second quarter, part of the public interests of the concept, characteristic are analyzed in detail, and the public interest and business interests separate and help the government in making the demolition when in reality can requisition decision of the whole attitude to urgent, overall planning of urban construction. Meanwhile, although demolition exercise of public power is the government of citizens’ private property, but inevitably imposed by law, to the influence of promulgated for implementation of the property law, especially, give ordinary citizens to protect their legitimate private equity weapon.The third part is more detailed public rights for demolition process with proprietary conflict analyses and measures are put forward, and the reference of foreign how to handle the dismantlement public-private rights conflict, to give our demolition process puts forward some advice. Through to the dismantlement of the public rights and proprietary, hope to find out into the ChongTuDian, with both provide some suggestion in the second quarter, for example, to distinguish demolition and commercial units, public welfare of compensation and resettlement of houses, and the establishment of a fair and regulating the judicial supervision system to ensure the demolition program be legal requirements, etc. Finally, the foreign and Hong Kong area legal how to deal with public rights of demolished buildings with proprietary balance summarized, hope to give our demolition legislation played a role and textbooks.The fourth part of the content of mainly around the 2011 the houses on the state-owned land collection and compensation ordinance to launch, and the new regulations for demolition both in law requisition decision of the objection, the government as the only relief of compensation subject, administrative demolition into judicial demolition, banning such violence relocates older made more perfect demolition regulations improvement, the more help protect citizens’ legal privacy. Three chapters, changes brought new demolition regulations, public rights and proprietary influence and unresolved public rights and proprietary balance paper summarizes the problems and analysis. The new regulations should speak brought to us is not only legislation improvements, is also a kind of signal, the country hopes the new regulations promulgated by the chaotic, to establish the new concept of harmonious society.The fifth part will combine China dismantlement with current privacy public rights for the current conflict, the hot phenomenon existing demolished the private rights, make whole society differentiate limits to the legal concept for demolition privacy protection to change. In hot phenomenon, stubborn, villages YueJi complaint transformation, such as the hot issues, and then through a statement to public and private rights in legislation, demolition, compensation, relief phase, the definition to analyze citizens what privacy should be protected.更多还原