【作者】 孙丽；

【导师】 张东胜；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 往复压缩机组作为一种增压设备,被广泛的应用在石化、油气输送领域,用于实现对气体的压缩。其能否安全、可靠的运行对国民经济、自然环境以及人们的日常生活有着十分重要的影响。因此,有必要对往复压缩机组进行安全评价研究。本课题首先调研了大量的国内外安全评价现状,总结了几种能够被广泛应用而且可以用于机械设备的安全评价方法,在对各种安全评价方法比较选择之后,提出了应用FTA(事故树分析)和HAZOP(危险性与可操作性研究)对往复压缩机组进行安全性分析。在充分理解往复压缩机的结构和工作原理的前提下,对收集到的所有资料进行分析、归纳,之后应用FTA分析方法对往复压缩机组进行分析,绘制出往复压缩机失效的事故树结构图,通过结构图就可以清晰的体现出机组失效事件和各种因素之间的关系。在进行了FTA分析之后,对危险性与可操作性研究方法进行了系统的介绍,选取了有意义的偏差、引导词,分析了系统中可能存在的潜在影响安全性的或操作方面存在的缺陷或问题,找出操作、设备运行管理过程中存在的危险和隐患,提出整改计划和措施,给出了一份切实可行的HAZOP分析报告。根据收集到的相关资料并总结分析故障,适当的选择了机组安全评价关键参数,建立一套衡量其安全性的安全评价指标体系,利用模糊综合安全评价方法对其进行分析,最终评价出机组的安全等级,根据评价出的安全等级采取相应的安全对策措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reciprocating compressor is one kind of supercharging equipments, it is widely used in petrochemical, oil and gas fields and can realize gas compression. Whether reciprocating compressor can operate safely and reliably has a very important influence in the national economy, natural environment and people’s daily lives. Therefore it is necessary to make safety evaluation of reciprocating compressor.First, I have investigated a large number of domestic and overseas current situation of safety evaluation, introduced several safety assessment methods which are widely used and can be used for machinery and equipment, in the comparative safety assessment of variety of options, I decided to use FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) and HAZOP (hazard and operability study) to evaluate safety of reciprocating compressor. In a full understanding of the reciprocating compressor structure and working principle, all the collected data were analyzed, summarized, then I used fault tree analysis method to analyze the reciprocating compressor. After choosing reciprocating compressor failure as top event, I drew out the structure of fault tree of reciprocating compressor, the structure can clearly reflect the unit failure events and the relationship between various factors. After the fault tree analysis, I selected some meaningful deviation and guide words, analyzed drawbacks and problems which exist in the potential system safety and equipment operation, identified dangers and hidden troubles which were caused by the process of equipment operation and management, proposed corrective measures and plans, at last gave a practical HAZOP analysis table. According the information which is collected and the failures which are analyzed, I chose some reasonable safety evaluation unit of key parameters so as to establish quantitative measure of its safety evaluation index system of security, used the fuzzy comprehensive safety evaluation method to analyze the reciprocating compressor and got the final evaluation of the level of security units. At last, according to the safety evaluation of the Level, we should take appropriate safety countermeasures.更多还原